新常态下女性就业问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 15:55

本文选题：新常态 + 女性就业　；参考：《信阳师范学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：就业是民生之本,在女性人口近乎据半的中国,女性就业既是实现女性经济权利和男女平等、提升女性社会地位的先决条件,又关系着国家经济发展、综合国力的提升和社会的文明进步。我党高度重视就业及就业平等问题,党的十八届五中全会将就业上升到国家优先战略的高度,强调在新常态下,要实施更加积极的就业政策,打破城乡、地区等分割和身份、性别歧视,维护劳动者平等就业权利。新常态是习近平总书记2014年提出的概括我国经济社会发展新时段、新情况、新特征的新范畴。相对于我国30多年经济高速发展的常态及社会特点,经济发展减速、经济结构优化、发展动力升级构成新常态的突出特征。经济的变化带来社会的系列变化。新常态对女性就业质量提出更高要求也带来新机遇,女性就业充分与否关系着新常态下经济社会的健康发展。女性就业与经济社会发展和国家政策联系密切。新中国成立后,妇女的地位发生了实质性改变,获得了真正的就业权利。女性就业主要经历了计划经济时代的“统包统配”到改革开放后市场导向的“劳动者自主择业、市场调节就业和政府促进就业”再到当前实施更加积极的就业政策、“劳动者自主就业、市场调节就业、政府促进就业和鼓励创业”的历史演变。中国自经济社会发展进入新常态以来,相对于30多年经济高速发展和一孩政策下的女性持有相对较多就业机会、较易就业、较高就业率为常态的时代,新常态下的女性面对着新的就业形势,呈现出不同于经济高速增长时代的新的就业特点:经济发展降速、转型、升级,在挤压社会原有产业和就业空间的同时更提高了对就业者科技素质和创新能力的要求,女性由于经济下行导致的社会岗位总量有所减缩、用人单位更为坚定的效益中心的招用工宗旨、社会女性就业法律实施专职监管机构缺乏、经济结构优化及自主创新创业对女性自弱认同心理的加重等多方面原因,加之新常态下人口红利衰减、国家二孩政策放开、老龄化进程加快等社会诸多因素的综合影响,使新常态在给女性带来用工需求、就业机会有所增大增多的利好下,也使女性就业出现要求提高、竞争加剧、压力增大、性别歧视加重、困难增加、角色冲突更为突出等新老问题的叠加,女性就业面临远高于男性的挑战。新常态下促进女性充分就业,必须政府、社会、用人单位、个人多方通力协作,主要通过大力创新经济新领域、新形态,发展经济新产业、新业态;进一步完善就业政策法律体系;推行更加适合于女性特点的灵活就业机制和非全时工作制;借鉴国外女性就业保障及其实践经验,成立女性就业法律实施专职监管机构,建立并实施女性用工奖惩机制,鼓励男女共同参与工作共同承担家务;建立专职培训机构,加强女性科学技术和创新创业能力培训等措施,为女性创造更多的就业平台和机会,提供更加切实有力的平等就业保障,更加有效的解决女性就业的角色矛盾和冲突,更高水平的提升女性的就业素质与能力,打造女性良好就业生态,推动女性充分就业。
[Abstract]:Employment is the foundation of the people's livelihood. The female population is almost half of China. The employment of women is the prerequisite for the realization of women's economic rights and equality between women and men, and the promotion of the social status of women. It is also related to the economic development of the country, the promotion of the comprehensive national strength and the progress of the society. The party has paid high attention to the problem of employment and employment equality, and the eighteen session of the party's five The Central Committee will increase employment to the national priority strategy, emphasizing that under the new norm, it is necessary to implement a more active employment policy, break the division and identity of urban and rural areas, areas and other identities, and maintain the right to equal employment for workers. The new normality is the new period, new situation, new situation, new situation and new situation proposed by general secretary Xi Jinping in 2014. Compared with the normal and social characteristics of the rapid economic development for more than 30 years in China, the slowdown of economic development, the optimization of economic structure, and the upgrading of the development power constitute the prominent characteristics of the new normal state. The changes in the economy bring a series of changes in the society. The new normal has brought new opportunities to the higher requirements for the quality of women's employment, and the employment of women is filled. Whether the division or not is related to the healthy development of the economy and society under the new normal state. The employment of women is closely related to the economic and social development and the national policy. After the founding of new China, the status of women has undergone substantial changes, and the real right to employment has been obtained. The employment of women has mainly experienced the "unified package" in the planned economy to the market after the reform and opening up. Oriented "workers to choose their own business, market adjustment employment and the government to promote employment" to the current implementation of a more active employment policy, "workers independent employment, market adjustment of employment, the government to promote employment and encourage entrepreneurship". Since the economic and social development in China has entered a new normal, compared with more than 30 years of economic development. Women under the policy of exhibition and one child have relatively more employment opportunities, easier employment and higher employment rate as a normal age. In the new normal situation, women face new employment situation, which are different from the new employment characteristics in the era of rapid economic growth: economic development, transformation, upgrading, and squeezing the original industry and employment space of the society. At the same time, it also improves the requirements for the technical quality and innovation ability of the workers. Women have reduced the total amount of social posts in the economic downturn, the employment tenet of the more firm benefit center of the employers, the lack of special supervision institutions for the social women employment law, the optimization of economic structure and the self-innovation of independent innovation for women. There are many reasons for the aggravation of identity psychology, and the comprehensive influence of many social factors, such as the decline of the demographic dividend under the new normal state, the release of the two child policy of the state, the accelerated aging process and so on. Strength increases, gender discrimination is aggravated, difficulties increase, role conflict is more prominent and other new and old problems are superimposed. Women's employment is far higher than the male challenge. Under the new normal, the promotion of full employment for women must be carried out by the government, society, employers and individuals, mainly through the innovation of new economic fields, new forms, and the development of new economic production. Industry, new format, further improve the employment policy legal system, the implementation of more suitable for women's characteristics of flexible employment mechanism and part-time working system; learn from foreign women employment security and practical experience, the establishment of female employment law implementation of full-time supervision institutions, the establishment and implementation of female employment rewards and punishment mechanism to encourage men and women to participate in the work together. Jointly undertake household chores, establish full-time training institutions, strengthen women's scientific and technological and innovative entrepreneurship training and other measures to create more employment platforms and opportunities for women, provide more effective and equal employment security, more effective solution to the role of female employment contradictions and conflicts, and a higher level of improving the quality of women's employment. And ability to create a favorable employment ecology for women and promote full employment for women.

【学位授予单位】：信阳师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F249.2;D669.68

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