社会经济地位对我国中年人和老年人健康的影响分析

发布时间：2018-05-17 00:10

本文选题：社会经济地位 + Grossman模型　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,中国GDP增长迅速,一跃成为全球第二大经济体。经济迅速发展的同时,随着生活环境、饮食和营养状况与医疗技术的进步,中国人出生时的预期寿命从1990年的70岁提高到现在的78岁。随着计划生育的实施以及越来越高的养育成本,中国的人口出生率已经降到12.08‰。虽然现在已经全面放开二胎,但是迫于经济压力,很多家庭也不会考虑生二胎。我国是世界上人口老龄化速度最快的国家之一,其中65岁以上人口所占比例从7%(2000)上升到14%(2026),只需要26年时间。我国的人口抚养比在2010年为5.01,随着生育率的下降和人口寿命的延长,预测到2050年将降低到1.25。不同于西方发达国家,我国是在"未富先老"的情况下步入老龄化社会的,老龄化的加速对个人、家庭、社会都将产生巨大的压力。如何应对老龄化危机,实现老有所养、老有所依的我国面临的巨大挑战。本文首先介绍我国的老龄化现状,从我国国情以及老龄人口的分布方面详细介绍了我国所面临的老龄化危机。然后介绍了健康经济学对中老年这个特殊的群体健康的定义与度量,对社会经济地位的定义以及社会经济地位与健康的文献做了梳理和归纳。本文根据Grossman模型,利用中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)2013年的横截面数据,对我国中老年人的健康状况进行研究。文章创新性的使用主成分分析方法(principal component analysis,PCA),用五个变量生成社会经济地位的一个综合指标,从总体上研究社会经济地位对我国中老年人健康的影响。因为社会经济地位是一个内生变量,简单的OLS回归无法排除健康对社会经济地位的反向影响。为了解决内生性问题,使用是否是党员和居住地类型作为社会经济地位的工具变量。回归结果显示,社会经济地位越高的中老年人,有更高的自评健康水平、行动能力、心理健康水平。患有慢性疾病的数量与社会经济地位之间没有显著影响。本文还区分了男性和女性,中年人和老年人来具体研究社会经济地位对每一个群体健康状况的影响。研究发现,社会经济地位越高的城市中老年人的心理健康状况也越差。不管是在农村还是在城市,中年人的行动能力都比老年人要差,女性都比男性要差。对于自评健康状况,男性比女性要好,城市中老年人比农村中老年人要好。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's GDP growth, a leap to the world's second largest economy. With the rapid development of economy, with the development of living environment, diet, nutrition and medical technology, the life expectancy of Chinese at birth has increased from 70 years in 1990 to 78 years now. China's birth rate has fallen to 12.08 per thousand, thanks to family planning and rising parenting costs. Although the second child has been fully liberalized, due to financial pressure, many families will not consider having a second child. China is one of the countries with the fastest aging population in the world, in which the proportion of population over 65 years old has risen from 7 / 2000 to 14 / 20 / 26, which will only take 26 years. China's dependency ratio was 5. 01 in 2010 and is projected to fall to 1. 25 by 2050 as fertility declines and life expectancy increases. Different from the western developed countries, our country has entered an aging society under the condition of "getting old before getting rich", and the acceleration of aging will produce enormous pressure on individuals, families and society. How to deal with the aging crisis, to achieve a sense of security, the elderly in accordance with the enormous challenges facing our country. This paper first introduces the current situation of aging in China, and introduces in detail the aging crisis in China from the aspects of the situation of our country and the distribution of the aged population. Then it introduces the definition and measurement of the health of the middle and old age, the definition of social economic status and the literature on social economic status and health. Based on the Grossman model, this paper studies the health status of the middle-aged and elderly in China by using the cross-sectional data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal study Chare (2013). In this paper, the principal component analysis method is innovatively used to generate a comprehensive index of social and economic status by using five variables to study the effect of social and economic status on the health of the middle-aged and the elderly in China as a whole. Because socioeconomic status is an endogenous variable, simple OLS regression cannot rule out the adverse effect of health on social and economic status. In order to solve the problem of endogeneity, the use of the Party member and the type of residence as a tool variable of social and economic status. The regression results showed that the middle and old people with higher social and economic status had higher self-assessment health level, action ability and mental health level. There was no significant correlation between the number of chronic diseases and socioeconomic status. This paper also distinguishes between male and female, middle-aged and elderly to study the influence of socioeconomic status on health status of each group. The study found that the higher the social and economic status, the worse the mental health of the elderly. In both rural and urban areas, middle-aged people are less mobile than older people and women are worse than men. For self-rated health, males are better than females, urban middle-aged are better than rural middle-aged.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.6;R195

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