试析安倍首相“一强”政治格局——日本议会内阁制的变革

发布时间：2018-05-23 14:15

本文选题：政治改革 + 小选举区制　；参考：《世界经济与政治论坛》2017年05期

【摘要】：冷战后,日本借鉴英国议会内阁制,改革政治体制,推进首相集权,寻求政治、军事大国化。日本废除中选举区制,实施小选举区和比例代表并立制,以"简单多数决定型"议会内阁制取代"合意型"议会内阁制。选民投票选举候选人就是挑选首相、执政党和执政党政策纲领,政党政策、信誉以及党首人气决定选举结果。政治改革限制政治家个人收受政治献金,政府给予政党补助金。党首掌握政治资金分配权和政党公认权,容易控制党内议员。安倍首相以安倍经济学吸引选民,以右倾保守政策吸引日本会议等右派团体,取得四次国政选举胜利,建立了自民党"一党独大"体制。日本行政改革加强了首相官邸权力,建立了辅佐首相的行政机构,安倍首相成为二战后最强首相。
[Abstract]:After the Cold War, Japan used the British parliamentary cabinet system for reference, reformed the political system, promoted the Prime Minister's centralization of power, sought politics and became a military power. Japan abolished the system of middle electoral districts, implemented the system of small electoral districts and proportional representation, and replaced the "consensual" parliamentary cabinet system with the "simple majority decision" parliamentary cabinet system. Voters vote for candidates by choosing the prime minister, the ruling party and the ruling party's policy agenda, party policy, credibility, and the party leader's popularity. Political reform limits individual politicians from accepting political contributions and government grants to political parties. The leader of the party has the power to distribute the political funds and the recognized power of the party, and easy to control the members of the party. Prime Minister Abe used Abenomics to attract voters, and right-leaning conservative policies to attract right-wing groups such as the Japanese Congress. He won four state elections and established the LDP's "one-party dominant" system. Japan's administrative reform strengthened the prime minister's residence and created an executive body to support the prime minister, who became the strongest since World War II.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院日本研究所;
【分类号】：D731.3

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