美国北极安全战略研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 13:21

本文选题：北极安全战略 + 北极政策　；参考：《青岛大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1867年,美国购买阿拉斯加,获得了北极国家的身份。二战结束后,世界形成了美苏对立的局面,随后冷战爆发,北极以其特殊的地缘关系更是成为美苏两国军事的竞技场。冷战结束后,各国均对北极地区产生了浓厚的兴趣。美国在北极地区拥有重要的安全利益。二战时期,北极地区的军事安全是美国首先要考虑的问题,冷战时期北极成为美苏两大军事集团对抗的前沿阵地,双方均在北极地区部署了大量的军事装备。随着苏联的解体,双方关系缓和,甚至在北极地区出现了一定程度的合作。冷战结束后,因为气候变化,北极冰川逐渐融化,其经济价值,能源价值逐渐显现,刚刚平静下来的北极再次成为各国关注的焦点。美国在北极地区要兼顾传统安全以及经济、环境等非传统安全。历届政府均提出了自己的北极安全战略,用以维护美国在北极的安全利益。北极国家之间的合作越来越成为主流,而且美国积极将非北极国家纳入到北极体系中,企图获得北极治理领导权。美国成为北极理事会轮值主席国之后,将应对气候变化成为北极治理的中心议题。虽历届总统的北极政策侧重点有所差异,但究其本质,依然是和本国的霸权主义相一致。但是,美国一直希望用最低的成本来实现这种从属关系,所以,虽然美国的北极政策趋于积极,但与其他国家相比,尤其是与俄罗斯和加拿大相比,安全战略上显得“保守”,而且行动能力上有待提高。现在越来越多的北极域外国家加入到北极事务中,对众多国家,尤其是我国来讲,这既是一个机遇,也是一项挑战。因为这不仅仅意味着可以分得北极一杯羹,更多的则是参与国需要承担的义务。我国在其他国家北极政策的影响下,也应尽快出台自己一套完整的战略体系,以迎接这个时代多变的形势。
[Abstract]:In 1867, the United States bought Alaska and acquired Arctic status. After the end of World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union became antagonistic situation in the world, and then the Cold War broke out, and the Arctic became the arena for the military of the United States and the Soviet Union with its special geographical relationship. After the end of the cold war, all countries have a strong interest in the Arctic region. The United States has an important security interest in the Arctic. During World War II, military security in the Arctic region was the first issue to be considered by the United States. During the Cold War, the Arctic became the front position of the confrontation between the two military blocs of the United States and the Soviet Union, and both sides deployed a large number of military equipment in the Arctic region. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, relations between the two sides relaxed, and even in the Arctic a certain degree of cooperation. After the Cold War, because of climate change, Arctic glaciers gradually melt, its economic value, energy value gradually appear, the Arctic has just calmed down again become the focus of attention. The United States in the Arctic region to take into account traditional security and economic, environmental and other non-traditional security. Successive governments have put forward their Arctic security strategies to safeguard America's security interests in the Arctic. Cooperation between Arctic countries is becoming more and more mainstream, and the United States is actively integrating non-Arctic countries into the Arctic system in an attempt to gain Arctic governance leadership. When the United States assumes the rotating presidency of the Arctic Council, tackling climate change will be a central issue in Arctic governance. Although presidents' Arctic policies have different priorities, their essence is consistent with their hegemonism. However, the United States has always wanted to achieve this subordination at the lowest cost, so while its Arctic policy tends to be positive, its security strategy is "conservative" compared with other countries, especially Russia and Canada. And the ability to act needs to be improved. Now more and more Arctic countries join in Arctic affairs, which is both an opportunity and a challenge for many countries, especially China. Not only does this mean getting a slice of the Arctic, it's more about the obligations of the participating countries. Under the influence of the Arctic policy of other countries, China should introduce its own complete strategic system as soon as possible in order to meet the changing situation of this era.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D871.2

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