马鞍山城市社区居家养老服务研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 11:46

【摘要】：20世=纪70年代以来,人口老龄化逐渐成为全球范围内的普遍趋势,我国是在1999年进入人口老龄型社会,现在已经成为世界上老年人口总数最多、老龄化速度最快的国家,而安徽省的老龄化程度已远远高于全国水平。人口老龄化的加剧,给社会带来的最大挑战就是老年人的养老问题。随着社会经济的发展和城市化现代化进程的加快,传统的家庭养老已经满足不了当今老年人的养老需要,机构养老又由于床位数量有限,费用较高,设施和环境较差等原因也无法满足广大老年人的养老需求。因此,在这种背景下,社区居家养老就成为了广大老年人首选的养老方式。社区居家养老既能弥补当今子女对老年人照顾的不足,又能充分利用社区的人力、财力、物力资源,满足老年人在熟悉的环境中度过晚年的愿望。发展社区居家养老服务不仅能满足广大老年人的养老需求,也能解决子女的后顾之忧,有助于推动和谐社区和谐社会的发展,选择社区居家养老逐渐成为一种必然的趋势。本研究主要以福利多元理论、社区照顾理论和需求层次理论为指导,通过定性研究与定量研究相结合、问卷调查法和访谈法的研究方式对安徽省马鞍山市的矿院社区和翠湖社区的社区居家养老服务情况进行实地调查,深入了解目前社区内老年入的养老需求和社区所提供的养老服务模式现状,在此基础上对马鞍山城市社区居家养老存在的问题进行分析和反思,剖析其问题存在的根源；最后,通过对国外社区养老服务模式的借鉴,提出适合安做省城市社区居家养老服务的对策和建议。研究显示,由于老年人的自身状况和社会背景的原因,老年人对社区养老服务的需求主要为：医疗保健服务、精神文化服务和物质生活服务。在医疗保健服务中,老年人随着年龄的增长和身体各项机能的下降,如何保持身体健康是他们最关心的问题。在精神文化服务中,老年人最希望社区为他们提供的服务是文体活动、心理健康咨询、法律咨询、老年教育等方面。在物质生活服务中,老年人最希望社区为他们提供的服务主要有：生活用品代购、饮食起居、卫生清洁、户外陪同等。但由于当前马鞍山市乃至整个安徽省的城市社区养老服务事业才刚起步,老年人对社区养老服务的意识还不够明确,社区服务设施尚不完善,社区养老服务管理不规范,已有的养老服务设施也都没有明确的功能定位,对服务人员的素质也没有一定的要求,社区的养老服务满足不了老年人的养老需求,这就导致造成了社区养老资源的浪费,社区尚未能充分发挥在居家养老服务方面的作用。通过对马鞍山城市社区居家养老服务发展缓慢的原因分析,我们认为,观念、政策、资金、设备和人才是制约发展的关键性因素。要想发展好城市社区居家养老服务,必须从提高社区养老服务的思想意识,完善社区养老服务的相关政策,开发多元化的资金融入渠道,加快社区基础服务设施建设,提高社区服务人员的专业化素质等方面着手,构建符合实际需求的社区居家养老服务,满足老年人各方面的需求,提高老年人的生活质量,更好地应对人口老龄化背景下的养老问题。
[Abstract]:Since the 20th century = 1970s, population aging has gradually become a universal trend in the world. China entered an aging society in 1999, and now has become the country with the largest number of elderly people and the fastest aging rate in the world. The degree of population aging in Anhui Province has been far higher than the national level. With the development of social economy and the acceleration of urbanization modernization, the traditional family pension can not meet the needs of the elderly nowadays, and the institutional pension can not meet the needs of the elderly due to the limited number of beds, higher costs, poor facilities and environment. Therefore, in this context, community home-based pension has become the preferred way for the elderly. Community home-based pension can not only make up for the inadequacy of children's care for the elderly, but also make full use of the community's human, financial and material resources to meet the elderly's desire to spend their old age in a familiar environment. The development of community home care services can not only meet the needs of the elderly, but also solve their children's worries. It is helpful to promote the development of a harmonious community. The choice of community home care has gradually become an inevitable trend. Guidance, through the combination of qualitative and quantitative research, questionnaire survey and interview methods of research on the community home care services of Mining Institute community and Cuihu community in Maanshan City, Anhui Province, field survey, in-depth understanding of the current needs of the elderly in the community and the status of community-based care services provided by the elderly, here On the basis of the analysis and reflection of the problems existing in Ma'anshan urban community home-based old-age care, analyze the root causes of the problems; finally, through the reference of foreign community-based old-age care service model, put forward the countermeasures and suggestions for urban community home-based old-age care services in Ando Province. The main reasons for the elderly's demand for community pension services are: medical care services, spiritual and cultural services and material life services. Hope the community to provide them with services are sports activities, mental health counseling, legal counseling, education for the elderly and so on. In the material life services, the elderly most hope the community to provide them with services are: daily necessities on behalf of the purchase, eating and living, sanitation and cleanliness, outdoor escort and so on. Urban community service for the aged has just started, the elderly's awareness of community service for the aged is not clear enough, the community service facilities are not perfect, the management of community service for the aged is not standardized, the existing service facilities for the aged are not clear functional orientation, the quality of service personnel is not certain requirements, community service for the aged. This leads to the waste of community endowment resources and the failure of the community to give full play to its role in home-based endowment services. Through the analysis of the reasons for the slow development of home-based endowment services in urban communities in Ma'anshan, we believe that concepts, policies, funds, equipment and talents are the key to restricting development. In order to develop the urban community home care service, we must improve the ideological awareness of community care service, improve the relevant policies of community care service, develop diversified channels of fund integration, speed up the construction of community infrastructure services, improve the professional quality of community service personnel, and so on, to build a community service in line with the actual needs. The community home-based pension service can meet the needs of all aspects of the elderly, improve the quality of life of the elderly, and better cope with the aging of the population.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.6

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