公共事务治理中网络民意表达问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-08 13:05

【摘要】：近几年,随着互联网科技的高速发展,社会公众可以自由地通过网络的载体而讨论公共事务或表达利益诉求,网络成为民意展现的最佳场所,甚至不少人认为网络即时互动以及直接沟通的特性,可以改变过去只能依靠传统的民意表达通道表达利益诉求,实现话语权重新回归人们手中,回归直接民主的运作模式。同时,我国政府也高度重视网络民意表达的发展和影响力,在各大峰会、书刊、政府报告、网络以及党的文件中提及的次数也愈来愈多,对传统民意表达通道改革和完善的呼声也愈来愈大。现代社会所倡导的网络民意表达已成为公众参与公共事务治理的一种趋势和潮流,网络民意表达的新形式正逐渐替代传统的民意表达成为社会公众参政议政的主要方式,也成为政府吸纳民智、倾听民声以及在此基础上科学决策、合法执政的重要方式。与此同时,网络民意表达颠覆了传统的民意表达模式,拓展了公共事务治理的参与主体,丰富了公共事务治理的参与通道,改变了“强政府、弱社会”的治理结构。在网络民意表达中,社会公众不再仅仅是被动的信息接受者,而成为政府决策的积极参与者。网络表达民意的新形式,一方面为社会公众进行诉求表达、传递信息、情感宣泄以及社会各界讨论公共问题提供了重要的平台,另一方面拉近了“官与民”之间的距离,成为二者高效互动的重要通道。然而,网络是一把双刃剑,它在为社会公众提供直接民主的基础上也存在着诸多问题,我国网络民意表达的效果与公民的期望还存在着很大的差距,网络民意对公共事务治理的影响十分有限,政府和社会公众对网络民意表达的利用能力也还有待提高。因此,应在客观认识现存劣势和优势的基础上,进一步探索完善网络民意表达的路径,发挥其积极效能,提高公共事务治理的水平。具体而言：在观念方面：一是要转变政府观念,提升公众满意度,二是要转变公众观念,实现“二元互动”；在法律法规方面：一是要健全法律法规,推进网络民意的有序参与,二是建立监督问责机制,实现网络民意的良性发展；在技术和能力方面,一是要加强网络基础设施建设,扩大网络民意参与面,二是加强专业人员的培训,提高网络沟通的水平；在道德和文化方面,一是加强网络道德建设,实现公民的理性表达,二是加强公民文化教育,倒逼网络民意的有序参与。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of Internet technology, the public can freely discuss public affairs or express their interests through the carrier of the Internet. The Internet has become the best place for public opinion to show. Even many people think that the characteristics of instant network interaction and direct communication can change the past can only rely on the traditional channels of expression of public opinion to express interests, to achieve the right to speak back to people's hands, return to the direct democratic mode of operation. At the same time, the Chinese government also attaches great importance to the development and influence of public opinion expression on the Internet. The number of times mentioned in various summits, books, government reports, Internet and Party documents is also increasing. To the traditional public opinion expression channel reform and the consummation voice also more and more big. The network public opinion expression advocated by modern society has become a trend and trend of public participation in the governance of public affairs. The new form of network public opinion expression is gradually replacing the traditional public opinion expression as the main way for the public to participate in and discuss political affairs. It has also become an important way for the government to absorb the wisdom of the people, listen to the voice of the people and make scientific decisions on this basis. At the same time, the network public opinion expression subverts the traditional public opinion expression mode, expands the public affairs governance participation main body, enriches the public affairs governance participation channel, has changed "the strong government, the weak society" the governance structure. In the network public opinion expression, the social public is not only the passive information receiver, but also the active participant in the government decision. On the one hand, the new form of expressing public opinion on the Internet provides an important platform for the public to express their demands, convey information, vent their feelings and discuss public issues from all walks of life, on the other hand, it brings closer the distance between "officials and the people." Become the two efficient interaction of an important channel. However, the network is a double-edged sword, it also has many problems on the basis of providing direct democracy to the public, and there is still a big gap between the effect of the expression of public opinion on the network and the expectation of the citizens in our country. The influence of network public opinion on public affairs governance is very limited, and the ability of the government and the public to express public opinion on the network still needs to be improved. Therefore, on the basis of the objective understanding of the existing disadvantages and advantages, we should further explore the ways to improve the network public opinion expression, give play to its positive effect, and improve the level of public affairs governance. Specifically, in terms of ideas: first, to change the concept of the government, to enhance public satisfaction, second, to change the concept of the public, to achieve "dual interaction"; in terms of laws and regulations: first, to improve laws and regulations, To promote the orderly participation of network public opinion, the second is to establish a mechanism of supervision and accountability to realize the sound development of network public opinion. In terms of technology and capability, first, we should strengthen the construction of network infrastructure and expand the participation of network public opinion. The second is to strengthen the training of professionals and improve the level of network communication; in terms of morality and culture, the first is to strengthen the construction of network morality, to realize the rational expression of citizens, and the second is to strengthen the education of civic culture so as to force the orderly participation of network public opinion.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D621.5

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