淮阴区新渡乡农村留守老人养老问题研究
发布时间：2019-06-20 03:40
【摘要】：目前,我国的经济发展非常迅速,大规模的旧城改造、征地拆迁,加快了农村新型城镇化改革的步伐,导致部分农民失去赖以生存的土地,过剩的年轻劳动力不断由农村向周边扩散,最终流向城市。而年迈体弱的农村老年人由于恋家情结、无法适应城市生活等因素,多数选择留在农村继续生活成为留守老人,农村家庭空巢化也由此产生,并且日益严重。基于上个世纪八十年代计划生育基本国策的执行,导致近些来农村老龄化现象日益加剧,农村老年人口数量逐渐增加,面临的养老问题已逐渐成为制约"三农"发展的重要问题。而随着农村留守老人的增多,对物质生活条件、经济供养、身体照顾和精神关注的需求度越来越高,导致农村养老保障问题的形势也日益严峻。新渡乡作为一个传统的城郊农业乡镇,并伴随着正在经历新型城镇化的改革,劳动力转移输出量很大,有着农村留守老人普遍存在的养老保障问题。本文是基于笔者对所在新渡乡的9个行政村的农村留守老人的调查,围绕他们的基本生活状况、经济收入、医疗卫生、文娱保健、精神心理需求等方面存在的问题,较为全面的了解目前农村留守老人养老的基本现状与农村各项保障制度的发展和实施情况。结合新渡乡的乡情和农村留守老人实际的生活现状,对如何改善他们的养老进行了积极的探索。同时笔者进行了大量的问卷调查,根据调查结果,对影响因素作了原因分析,提出从个人、家庭和社会三个层面解决养老问题的建议和对策,主要有:首先是要随着社会的发展趋势,逐渐减轻农村留守老人"养儿防老"的传统思想,立足自身和家庭状况,积极谋划自养,鼓励农村留守老人融入社会;其次是宣扬社会主义农村文明新风尚,关注农村精神文明建设,传承中华民族"尊老、爱老、敬老"的传统美德,继续提倡家庭养老的基础保障作用;最后是加快完善农村社会各类保障制度,大力发展地方经济,履行基层组织在农村养老服务中应尽的义务。同时坚持改革创新,加快农村养老服务业的发展,实现家庭养老与机构养老的有机结合,最终实现农村留守老人"老有所养、老有所医、老有所乐"的目标。
[Abstract]:At present, China's economic development is very rapid, large-scale old city transformation, land expropriation and demolition, accelerate the pace of rural new urbanization reform, resulting in some farmers lose the land on which to live, excess young labor force continues to spread from rural to surrounding, and finally flow to the city. However, because of the love for the family and the inability to adapt to the urban life and other factors, most of the rural elderly choose to stay in the countryside and continue to live as the left-behind elderly, and the empty nesting of the rural family is also produced, and it is becoming more and more serious. Based on the implementation of the basic national policy of family planning in the 1980s, the phenomenon of aging in rural areas has become more and more serious, the number of rural elderly population has gradually increased, and the problem of providing for the aged has gradually become an important problem restricting the development of "agriculture, countryside and farmers". With the increase of the number of left-behind elderly in rural areas, the demand for material living conditions, economic support, physical care and spiritual attention is getting higher and higher, which leads to the problem of rural old-age security is becoming more and more serious. As a traditional suburban agricultural township, Xindu Township is undergoing the reform of new urbanization, the transfer and output of labor force is very large, and there is a common problem of old-age security for the left-behind elderly in rural areas. Based on the investigation of the rural left-behind elderly in nine administrative villages in Xindu Township, this paper focuses on their basic living conditions, economic income, medical and health care, cultural and recreational health care, mental and psychological needs and other problems, a more comprehensive understanding of the current basic situation of rural left-behind elderly pension and the development and implementation of various rural security systems. Combined with the rural situation of Xindu Township and the actual living situation of the left-behind elderly in rural areas, this paper makes a positive exploration on how to improve their old-age care. At the same time, according to the results of the survey, the author analyzes the causes of the influencing factors, and puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures to solve the problem of providing for the aged from the personal, family and social levels. First of all, with the development trend of society, the author should gradually reduce the traditional thought of "raising children and preventing the elderly" in rural areas, based on their own and family conditions, actively planning for self-care and encouraging the left-behind elderly in rural areas to integrate into society; Secondly, it advocates the new fashion of socialist rural civilization, pays attention to the construction of rural spiritual civilization, inherits the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation of "respecting, loving and respecting the elderly", and continues to advocate the basic guarantee function of family pension. Finally, it is to speed up the improvement of all kinds of security systems in rural society, vigorously develop the local economy, and fulfill the obligations of grass-roots organizations in rural pension services. At the same time, we should persist in reform and innovation, speed up the development of the rural pension service industry, realize the organic combination of family old-age care and institutional old-age care, and finally realize the goal of "having a sense of security, a sense of medicine and a sense of happiness for the elderly".
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.69
[Abstract]:At present, China's economic development is very rapid, large-scale old city transformation, land expropriation and demolition, accelerate the pace of rural new urbanization reform, resulting in some farmers lose the land on which to live, excess young labor force continues to spread from rural to surrounding, and finally flow to the city. However, because of the love for the family and the inability to adapt to the urban life and other factors, most of the rural elderly choose to stay in the countryside and continue to live as the left-behind elderly, and the empty nesting of the rural family is also produced, and it is becoming more and more serious. Based on the implementation of the basic national policy of family planning in the 1980s, the phenomenon of aging in rural areas has become more and more serious, the number of rural elderly population has gradually increased, and the problem of providing for the aged has gradually become an important problem restricting the development of "agriculture, countryside and farmers". With the increase of the number of left-behind elderly in rural areas, the demand for material living conditions, economic support, physical care and spiritual attention is getting higher and higher, which leads to the problem of rural old-age security is becoming more and more serious. As a traditional suburban agricultural township, Xindu Township is undergoing the reform of new urbanization, the transfer and output of labor force is very large, and there is a common problem of old-age security for the left-behind elderly in rural areas. Based on the investigation of the rural left-behind elderly in nine administrative villages in Xindu Township, this paper focuses on their basic living conditions, economic income, medical and health care, cultural and recreational health care, mental and psychological needs and other problems, a more comprehensive understanding of the current basic situation of rural left-behind elderly pension and the development and implementation of various rural security systems. Combined with the rural situation of Xindu Township and the actual living situation of the left-behind elderly in rural areas, this paper makes a positive exploration on how to improve their old-age care. At the same time, according to the results of the survey, the author analyzes the causes of the influencing factors, and puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures to solve the problem of providing for the aged from the personal, family and social levels. First of all, with the development trend of society, the author should gradually reduce the traditional thought of "raising children and preventing the elderly" in rural areas, based on their own and family conditions, actively planning for self-care and encouraging the left-behind elderly in rural areas to integrate into society; Secondly, it advocates the new fashion of socialist rural civilization, pays attention to the construction of rural spiritual civilization, inherits the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation of "respecting, loving and respecting the elderly", and continues to advocate the basic guarantee function of family pension. Finally, it is to speed up the improvement of all kinds of security systems in rural society, vigorously develop the local economy, and fulfill the obligations of grass-roots organizations in rural pension services. At the same time, we should persist in reform and innovation, speed up the development of the rural pension service industry, realize the organic combination of family old-age care and institutional old-age care, and finally realize the goal of "having a sense of security, a sense of medicine and a sense of happiness for the elderly".
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D669.69
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