俄罗斯政党政治改革的进程及其特点

发布时间：2018-03-02 21:34

本文选题：俄罗斯　切入点：政党　出处：《上海外国语大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 苏联解体后,苏联共产党的一党专政时代结束,多党思想开始在俄罗斯萌芽。深受西方思想影响的叶利钦总统采取向西方一边倒的政策,致力于政治改革,然而却功败垂成,结果导致俄罗斯政坛各种政党云涌、鱼龙混杂、乱象重生。在国内政治局面一片混乱的情况下,普京开始上台执政。在西方民主化浪潮影响和重压之下,多党制建设成为他唯一的选择。普京的思想是致力于建立“三个或四个政党参加的多党制度”,通过改革俄罗斯选举制度,积极构建公民社会来达到改革俄罗斯政治体制的目的。为了建立俄罗斯的多党制度,普京主导制订并出台了《政党法》,为俄罗斯的政党活动提供法律保障,将俄罗斯的政党制度建设纳入法制轨道。除此之外,普京还积极组建政权党,直接领导统一俄罗斯党在国家杜马选举中获得胜利。对于俄罗斯的反对派,例如俄罗斯共产党、俄罗斯自由民主党、公正俄罗斯党等其他党派,普京双管齐下,实行了一整套既打压又拉拢的战略。通过几年的努力,普京把俄罗斯引入了一个新的历史时期,开创了由统一俄罗斯党领导的、多党共存的全新的政治格局。普京的政党政治改革对俄罗斯的政党形势、法制建设、俄罗斯新思想的巩固、反恐活动的顺利进行、民众价值观等所有的社会生活都产生了直接或间接的影响。普京谋求在俄罗斯建立可控的民主,即主权民主。普京思想的形成来源于俄罗斯传统价值观:爱国主义、强国意识、国家观念、社会团结。俄罗斯在普京政党政治思想的指导下,不断完善多党制度。但是,俄罗斯的多党制度还是存在着很多问题。例如,政权党转化为执政党有着较大的困难,统一俄罗斯党并不成熟等。尽管存在着种种困难与障碍,俄罗斯的政党政治发展进程仍然在普京的领导下取得了前所未有的重要发展。无论普京是否会在2012年的总统大选中“王者归来”,俄罗斯在普京的引领下仍将沿着政党政治改革的道路继续前行将是毋庸置疑的。
[Abstract]:After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the era of one-party dictatorship of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ended, and the multi-party ideology began to sprout in Russia. President Yeltsin, deeply influenced by Western ideas, adopted a one-sided policy towards the West and devoted himself to political reform, but failed. As a result, all kinds of political parties in Russian politics have been flooded, mixed up, and reborn like chaos. With the domestic political situation in a state of chaos, Putin has come to power. Under the influence and pressure of the western democratization wave, The construction of a multi-party system became his only choice. Putin's idea is to set up a "multi-party system in which three or four political parties participate." by reforming the Russian electoral system and actively building a civil society, the goal of reforming Russia's political system is to be achieved. In order to establish a multi-party system in Russia, Putin led the formulation and promulgation of the "Law on political parties" to provide legal protection for the activities of Russian political parties and to bring the construction of Russia's political party system into the legal track. In addition, Putin also actively formed a political party. Directly leading the United Russia Party to victory in the State Duma election. For the Russian opposition, such as the Russian Communist Party, the Russian Liberal Democratic Party, the Justice Russia Party and other parties, Putin has taken a two-pronged approach. Through several years' efforts, Putin introduced Russia into a new historical period and created a new political pattern led by the United Russia Party. Putin's party political reform has contributed to Russia's political party situation, the construction of the legal system, the consolidation of Russia's new ideas, and the smooth progress of anti-terrorist activities. All social life, such as the values of the people, has a direct or indirect impact. Putin seeks to establish a controllable democracy in Russia, that is, sovereign democracy. The formation of Putin's ideas comes from the traditional values of Russia: patriotism, the sense of power, Russia, under the guidance of Putin's party political ideology, has continuously improved its multi-party system. However, there are still many problems in Russia's multi-party system. For example, it is more difficult for Russia to transform its political power into a ruling party. The United Russia Party is not mature and so on. Despite all the difficulties and obstacles, Russia's party politics has made unprecedented progress under Putin's leadership. Whether or not Putin will return to the presidential election on 2012, Russia will continue to follow the lead of Putin. There is no doubt that the path of party political reform will continue.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D751.2

【引证文献】