民族“典”“册”的形成与儒家“述而不作”的意义

发布时间：2018-05-14 16:45

本文选题：原始宗教 + 巫术通神　；参考：《孔子研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：今天所见最早最完整的中华民族经典是周秦时期流传下来的"六经"、子书等,但这并不是中华民族经典的源头。根据殷墟王室祭祀卜辞、安阳后岗贵族墓地中的"柄形饰"庙主,以及大英博物馆所藏殷墟甲骨家族祀谱与河北易县所出商代晚期三句兵戈铭文家谱等资料的综合研究,说明商代已在王室及一般贵族上层,普遍流行着一种专门用于宗教巫术通神、供奉神灵庙主而载有先公先王世系及氏族历史的"典"与"册",这就是至今可以考见的最早的民族经典。夏商周早期文明发展时期,以血缘管理为特征,民族"典""册"是其神权、族权、政权的象征,属于王官之学。春秋战国时期,血缘管理动摇,地缘管理出现。面对这一社会大变革,诸子学派作出了不同回应。儒墨两家维护血缘,反对地缘;法家拥护地缘,反对血缘;道家则两者均否定。孔子"述而不作"的重大原则应在这样的历史背景下去理解其深刻意义。孔子要维护夏商周血缘管理为特征的圣王之道,所谓"儒家法先王",就必然要崇敬传承先王"典""册"。这在客观上为中华民族经典的继承传播作出了历史性的贡献。由孔子而孟子而司马迁,形成了中华民族重视历史记载、重视民族经典的优良传统,意义深远。
[Abstract]:The earliest and most complete Chinese classics seen today are the "six Classics" and sub-books handed down during the Zhou and Qin dynasties, but this is not the source of the Chinese classics. According to the inscriptions of the imperial sacrifices of the Yin ruins, the master of the temple in the nobility graveyard of Hougang in Anyang, as well as the genealogical records of the oracle bones of the Yin ruins in the British Museum and the genealogy of the three inscriptions on the inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty in the late Shang Dynasty in Yi County, Hebei Province, It shows that the Shang Dynasty has been popular in the royal family and the upper class of the general aristocracy, a kind of special use for religious witchcraft, The Divine Temple contains the canon and book of the lineages of the ancestors and the clans, which is the earliest national classics that can be found so far. In the early period of civilization development of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, it was characterized by blood relationship management, and the "book" of nationality was the symbol of theocracy, clan right and political power, which belonged to the school of Wang Guan. Spring and Autumn warring States period, blood management shake, geographical management appeared. In the face of this great social change, the schools of thought made different responses. Confucianism and Mohism maintain consanguinity and oppose geography; Legalists support geography and oppose consanguinity; Taoists deny both. Confucius' important principle of "stating but not doing" should understand its profound significance against such a historical background. If Confucius wants to maintain the sacred Wang's way, which is characterized by the blood relationship management of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, and the so-called "Confucian law forerunner", he must respect and inherit the ancient king's "canon" and "book". This objectively made a historic contribution to the inheritance and dissemination of the Chinese nation's classics. From Confucius to Mencius and Si Maqian, formed the Chinese nation attached importance to historical records, attach importance to the fine tradition of national classics, far-reaching significance.
【作者单位】：山东师范大学齐鲁文化研究院;
【基金】：教育部人文社科重点研究基地齐鲁文化研究中心十三五规划项目“齐鲁文化与中华文明传承创新研究” 山东省泰山学者岗位、山东省委宣传部弘扬中国优秀传统文化重点项目“儒家元典新证与中华民族的伟大复兴”(项目编号:15BZBJ13)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：B222;K877

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