因明中的过论研究

发布时间：2018-09-12 12:39

【摘要】：古印度的逻辑学——因明，为世界逻辑学说的发展抹上了浓浓的一笔。因明以陈那为界，有古、新之分，以论辩为主，并服务于论辩。作为其重要组成部分的过论，具有重要的研究价值。论文分为四章：第一章阐述古因明中的过论。《遮罗迦本集》所列过失名目共十七种，名目繁多且无章可循，但这是关于因明过论最早的文献，为因明过论的发展奠定了坚实的基础。《方便心论》在一定程度上比《遮罗迦本集》略胜一筹，更清楚地阐述了语善、语失、似因非因等过失，将负处增加到十七种，，并第一次提出二十种相应品，这是误难的雏形。《正理经》在继承前人思想的基础上对过失加以总结，过失主要包括疑惑、似因五种、诡辩、误难二十四种及堕负二十二种。《如实论》总结古因明诸师的论著，第一次提出将似因分为不成、不定及相违三种的观点，使古因明的过论取得了前所未有的成果。《瑜伽师地论》中讨论的过失只涉及堕负，包括舍言、言屈及言过三个方面。古因明中有关过失的理论在逻辑语言及思维上都有不同程度的变化，古因明迈着沉重的步伐不断前行，历程格外艰辛。第二章阐述新因明中的过论。陈那对古因明进行了大刀阔斧的改革，将过论分为似能立与似能破两大部分，似能立是似宗、似因、似喻，将古因明杂乱无章的误难整理为十四类，称为“十四过类”，即似能破，并取消了负处。法称的《正理滴论》改造了陈那论师的“因三相”，在继承似能立的基础上，简单地提到了似能破，并未提及负处。第三章阐述古、新因明过论的差异。古、新因明的发展一脉相承，但从古因明发展至新因明，也有许多变化。随着历史的变迁、社会环境的不同、知识的不断进步，因明过论不仅有名称、分类标准之差异，也有内容的增减。不仅古、新因明有差异，在古、新因明各自的体系内部也存在着差异。第四章阐述当今学术界对因明过论的分析。过论，相当于西方逻辑史上的谬误论，在三大逻辑体系中，因明对谬误的分析是最全面、最严密的。在论辩理论不断发展的今天，因明过论有非常大的借鉴价值。从不同角度重新划分因明过论，运用数理逻辑、非形式逻辑分析因明过论，有利于使因明过论服务于现代社会。因明过论是一个庞大的体系，从古因明到新因明的发展过程也遇到众多障碍，是现代一笔巨大的财富。若置若罔闻，将是当今一大损失；对因明过论进行剖析、改革，使其服务于当今社会，才是明智之举。
[Abstract]:The logic of ancient India-InMing, for the development of logic in the world on a thick brush. Chen Ming as a boundary, there are ancient, new points, mainly to debate, and serve the debate. As an important part of the theory, it has important research value. The thesis is divided into four chapters: the first chapter expounds the overstatement in Guyingming. There are 17 kinds of names of fault in this book of Cholocha, which have many names and no rules to follow, but this is the earliest literature on the theory of the cause of Ming. It has laid a solid foundation for the development of this theory. To a certain extent, the theory of convenient mind is a little better than the book of Cholocha, which more clearly expounds the good language, the loss of speech, and the increase of the negative points to seventeen due to non-causal errors. And put forward for the first time twenty kinds of corresponding articles, which are the embryonic form of error and difficulty. On the basis of inheriting the thought of predecessors, the Canon sums up the mistakes, which mainly include doubts, five kinds of reasons, and sophistry. There are 24 kinds of errors and 22 kinds of errors. Summing up the works of the ancient teachers of the Ming Dynasty, the author for the first time put forward the idea of dividing the cause of iconicity into three kinds: no, no or no. The mistakes discussed in the Yoga teacher's Theory of Land only involve three aspects, namely, giving up words, disobeying words and saying too many words. The theory of fault in Guyin Ming has different degrees of change in logic language and thinking. The second chapter elaborates the overpass theory in the new cause. Chen Nai carried out a radical reform of the ancient Ming Dynasty, dividing the theory of passing into two parts: the likelihood can stand and the likelihood can break down the two parts. The likelihood can stand is similar, the similar cause, the similar metaphor, the ancient cause Ming's disorderly mistake difficult to sort out into 14 kinds, called "the fourteen over class". It is possible to break and cancel the negative. The "theory of positive theory" has transformed Chen Na's "three phases of reason". On the basis of inheriting the possibility, the author simply mentioned that the likelihood can be broken, but not the negative. The third chapter expounds the difference between the ancient and the new. Ancient, the development of the new Yiming, but from the ancient Yiming to the new Yiming, there are many changes. With the change of history, the difference of social environment and the constant progress of knowledge, there are not only the difference of name and classification standard, but also the increase and decrease of content. There are differences not only in ancient times, but also in their own systems. The fourth chapter expounds the analysis of the theory of causation in the academic circles. In the three logical systems, the analysis of fallacy is the most comprehensive and rigorous. With the development of argumentative theory, the theory of due diligence has great value for reference. It is helpful to reclassify the theory of imputation from different angles, to use mathematical logic and non-formal logic to analyze it, which is helpful to make it serve the modern society. The theory of immolation is a huge system, and the development process from ancient to new is also met with many obstacles, which is a great wealth in modern times. It would be a great loss to turn a deaf ear to it, and it would be wise to analyze, reform and make it serve the society.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：B81-093.51

【参考文献】