马克思有关机器的技术哲学思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 06:42

本文选题：马克思　切入点：技术　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：马克思一百多年前对技术的研究受到后来技术哲学各流派和主要人物的高度关注，他对科学技术的重视也是构成他整个学说思想的基础。但是马克思对技术的研究和反思最先体现在那些对机器及机器大工业生产方式的论述之中，正是对资本主义机器大工业的研究，奠定了《资本论》的写作基础。但到目前为止，还很少有人系统的研究马克思有关机器的理论，因此本论文选题是有其理论意义和学识价值。通过对马克思原著的大量文本研究，本文概括得出：马克思是把机器作为资本主义生产方式所特有的劳动手段来进行考察的，机器既反映了劳动过程中人与自然的关系，即技术关系；也反映劳动过程中人与人的关系，即经济关系。马克思将机器和机器技术看作是构成近代技术体系的基础。机器是自然力和科学的应用，机器体现了近代技术的本质。机器生产带来新的工厂制度和工厂法的确立,造成社会组织形式的变化,机器的应用造就了资本主义生产方式、机器大工业进一步发展引发的社会生产方式的变革，进而引起社会关系和社会制度的变革，机器可看作是马克思技术哲学思想研究的起点，贯穿于马克思对技术的整体研究中，成为马克思技术哲学研究的主题。机器在资本主义应用中，在它直接占领的领域，成了超过一切自然界限，最大限度占有劳动的有力的手段,机器为劳动的异化创造了新的条件。机器的资本主义应用加剧了劳动者与劳动异化，人与机器关系发生扭曲，使资本主义社会矛盾和阶级矛盾更加激化。马克思从技术批判的角度，对机器使用中产生的劳动异化问题的现象和根源进行了深刻分析，并把消除这种异化看成是无产阶级进行革命的，，实现人类解放的根本任务。本文最后评价了马克思机器理论的学术地位和在国际技术哲学界的反响，并对其当代价值给予了阐释。
[Abstract]:Marx's research on technology more than 100 years ago was highly concerned by various schools and main figures of later philosophy of technology. His emphasis on science and technology also formed the basis of his whole theory and thought. But Marx's research and reflection on technology were first reflected in the exposition of machinery and its large-scale industrial production. It is the study of the big industry of capitalist machinery that has laid the foundation for the writing of Capital. But so far, very few people have systematically studied Marx's theory of machinery. Therefore, this thesis has its theoretical significance and academic value. Through the study of a large number of texts of Marx's original works, this paper concludes that Marx inspected the machine as the special labor means of the capitalist mode of production, and the machine not only reflected the relationship between man and nature in the process of labor, It also reflects the relationship between man and man in the process of labor, that is, the economic relationship. Marx regarded machine and machine technology as the foundation of the modern technological system. Machine is the application of natural force and science. The machine embodied the essence of modern technology. The machine production brought about the establishment of new factory system and factory law, caused the change of social organization, and the application of machine brought up the capitalist mode of production. The transformation of social production mode caused by the further development of big machine industry, and then the change of social relations and social system, machine can be regarded as the starting point of the study of Marx's philosophy of technology, which runs through the whole research of Marx's technology. It has become the subject of the study of Marx's philosophy of technology. In the application of capitalism, in the field that it directly occupies, machine has become a powerful means of surpassing all natural boundaries and maximizing the possession of labor. Machines create new conditions for the alienation of labor. The capitalist application of machines intensifies the alienation of workers and labor, and the relationship between human beings and machines is distorted. Marx, from the angle of technical criticism, made a profound analysis of the phenomenon and root causes of the problem of labor alienation in the use of machines. The elimination of this alienation is regarded as the fundamental task of the proletariat to carry out the revolution and to realize the liberation of mankind. Finally, this paper evaluates the academic status of Marx's machine theory and its repercussions in international technical philosophy, and explains its contemporary value.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：N02;A811

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