意识形态结构视域下中国主导意识形态问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 00:23

本文选题：意识形态结构　切入点：主导意识形态　出处：《华东师范大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：意识形态是一种思想观念体系,包含了一个时代的政治学、经济学、法学、哲学等许多理论和思想,这些“思想的集合”组成了一个社会的主导意识。由于意识形态的泛化特征,很容易使人抓不住其内在的核心理念而将其视为特定时代的一种宣传机器和政策性语言的代名词。因此,主导意识形态的研究要走向深入,必须选取一种恰当的视角,以把握意识形态发展及演变的内在脉络。研究意识形态结构并以此为方法论来解析中国主导意识形态的理论和现实问题,有助于树立意识形态的文化品格,更好地发挥主导意识形态的功能。关于意识形态结构,主要是认识论层面上的功能性结构。意识形态作为一个系统结构,具有整体性特征。以往的研究主要从揭示“意识形态为经济基础所决定”这一本质规定出发,从政治法律思想、道德、宗教、哲学、艺术等表现形式与经济基础的远近,提出意识形态的层次结构。本研究进一步把意识形态本身作为一种具有相对独立性的现象,当作一种能够发挥整体性功能的有机体,揭示其生成和运行机理。构成意识形态的各要素因其不同的排列组合而形成不同的类型,主要有主导型、交互型和递进型三种基本方式。通过概括提炼国内外学者的相关论述,初步提出了意识形态结构理论,阐述了意识形态结构的层次、要素、类型、功能等关系理论,体现了一般意义上的意识形态内容和形式的统一,为主导意识形态的整体性功能发挥提供了充分的理据。依据马克思主义经典作家对意识形态结构层次的理解,从总体上讲分为思想理论和社会心理两个层面。思想理论层面,又从深层结构和表层结构两个具体层次展开,以体现内生的理论基础和外向的指导作用的关系。思想理论层面的深层结构由认知解释、价值信仰和实施策略三要素及其关系构成。中国主导意识形态之所以发挥其辩护、凝聚和导向功能,正是认知解释的科学性、价值信仰的崇高性和实施策略的可行性的高度结合。以此来关照现实,可以帮助我们总结意识形态建设中的常见教训：“意识形态飘浮”,意指大众传媒铺天盖地大张旗鼓地宣传某种意识形态,可是,这种意识形态仍不能深入人心,甚至引起人们的逆反心理而飘浮在空中。从意识形态深层结构组成三要素来看,任何一个要素出现问题,都足以造成这种现象。意识形态赖以建立的知识前提缺乏科学性而失去可信性,意识形态的价值信仰失去正当性而失去整合力,意识形态目标策略缺乏可行性就会导致知行分离。因此,研究意识形态结构的实际价值在于揭示中国主导意识形态问题背后的症结,有利于统一认识,树立马克思主义理论权威。从意识形态的表层结构看,主导意识形态(马克思主义)和非主导意识形态(包括各种社会思潮)之间形成了“一与多”的结构格局。根据不同的地位和特性决定意识形态主导与从属的关系。中国主导意识形态表层结构就是“一元主导,多样并存”的主从式结构。由此,我们深刻地认识到,面对意识形态领域“去意识形态”和“泛意识形态”的思潮,强调“坚持和巩固马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位”和“坚持一元,包容多样”的观点,并不是意识形态的宣传语词,而是意识形态表层结构建设的立场,也是中国主导意识形态合法性、合理性的必然要求。以意识形态结构理论为钥匙,史论结合,动态考察建国60多年来中国主导意识形态的发展过程。在不同的时期由于不同的运行方式形成了意识形态结构的不同形态。从意识形态结构三要素及其作用方式出发,追溯了中国主导意识形态深层结构从适度整合、到高度同构、再到合理分离的变化过程,表层结构经历了由“混合多元”到指导思想一元化,再到意识形态一元化,直到现在“一元主导,多样并存”的形态变化。研究指出,当代中国主导意识形态在动态运行中形成意识形态转型,从封闭走向开放,从单一趋向复合,体现符合国情的结构创新。具体而言,就是加强理论创新,增强理论解释力；弱化价值理想为高度聚合的结构,回归价值主导而非支配的功能；在认知和信念相互契合的同时,强调发展绩效、内外和谐的战略举措。特别是以改革开放为分界点,意识形态结构从高度合一到各归其位,相互印证,实现主导型结构向交互型结构转化,这是一次深刻的结构更替和创新。总结和反思当前意识形态领域出现的诸多困境,从结构角度分析,正是源于建设过程中的结构性矛盾长期存在且没有得到很好地解决。通过重点探讨要素之间和作用方式上的几对矛盾范畴：理论与价值、理想与现实、思想与决策、主导与均衡、排他性和包容性、继承和创新、主体建构与理论认知等,为当前和今后解决意识形态问题找准切入点。同时,分析了影响结构生成运行的制约因素,从思想领域各种思潮起伏、现实环境的深刻变化、主体结构的丰富多样三方面进行了针对性论述,提出了中国主导意识形态面临的新挑战。理论创新和实践诉求是马克思主义作为思想价值体系为大众认同的必要路径。当前,加强中国主导意识形态建设,以意识形态结构为视域,在内生的理论基础层面,优化意识形态结构要素和运行方式,推进交互型结构的整体联动。既与时俱进地做好理论创新工作,赋予传统意识形态话语新的内涵,又充分体现以人为本、和谐发展的核心价值,并在实践策略上结合国情,在民众心理认同上下功夫。在外在的功能发挥层面,完善主从式结构,掌握马克思主义话语主导权,从社会生活的各个层面(政治生活、思想文化生活和日常生活)进一步做好理论的解释、说服和引导工作,使中国主导意识形态建设实现内和谐和外适应,能动作用于国家、社会和人的发展。
[Abstract]:The ideology is a kind of ideological system, including political science, an era of economics, law, and many theories and philosophy, "these ideas set" dominant consciousness in a society. The generalization of the characteristics of ideology, it is easy to make people can not grasp the core concept and its inherent as a synonym for publicity language machine and policy specific times. Therefore, the research of the dominant ideology to go deeper, to choose a proper perspective, to grasp the development and evolution of intrinsic ideology. Ideology research structure and as a methodology to analyze the China dominant ideology theoretical and practical issue. Helps to establish the ideology of cultural character, better play the leading function of ideology.
On the ideological structure, functional structure is mainly epistemological level. Ideology as a system structure with integrated features. Previous studies mainly from revealing the "ideology as the economic base determines the nature of the provisions", from the political and legal ideology, morality, religion, philosophy, art and other forms of economic and based on the distance, the hierarchical structure of ideology. This study further to the ideology itself as a relatively independent phenomenon, as a whole can play the function of the organism, reveal the formation and operation mechanism. These elements constitute ideology because of its different combinations to form different types, mainly leading, three basic ways of interaction and progressive. Through summarizing relevant discussion of scholars at home and abroad, put forward the ideology structure theory. The theory of hierarchy, elements, types and functions of ideology structure is discussed. It reflects the unity of ideology content and form in general sense, and provides sufficient motivation for the overall function of leading ideology.
On the basis of classical writer Marx understanding of the ideological level, generally divided into two aspects of ideological theory and social psychology. The ideological and theoretical level, and from the deep structure and surface structure of two specific level, to guide the theoretical foundation and reflect the endogenous outward.
The deep structure of Ideological and theoretical level by cognitive explanation, a value belief and implementation strategy of three elements and their relationship. Chinese leading ideology exerts its defense, cohesion and guidance function, it is scientific cognitive interpretation, highly combined with the feasibility and implementation strategies of lofty beliefs of the value. In order to take care of reality, can help us summarize the common lesson of ideology construction in "ideological floating", means of mass media propaganda ideology, put up a pageantry overwhelming, but this ideology still not deep into the heart, and even cause people's rebellious and floating in the air. From the deep structure of ideology consists of three factors, one factor is sufficient to cause the problems. Phenomenon.but lost credibility depends on the premise of knowledge ideology lack science, ideology The value of faith lost its legitimacy and lose the integration, the lack of feasibility will target ideology strategy leads to separation of knowledge and action. Therefore, the actual value of the structure of ideology is to reveal the ideology behind the leading China crux, in favor of a unified understanding of Kyth's theory of authority, the tree immediately.
From the surface structure of ideology, dominant ideology (Marx doctrine) and non dominant ideology (including social thought) formed between "one" and "many" of the structure. According to the status and characteristics of different dominant and subordinate decision ideology. Chinese dominant ideology is "a dominant element of surface structure, master-slave structure diversity the coexistence of". Thus, we are deeply aware that in the face of ideology "ideology" and "Pan ideology" thought, emphasize "to uphold and consolidate the Marx doctrine in the ideology guiding position" and "stick to one yuan, inclusive and diverse" point of view, and propaganda words is not ideology, but the construction of the surface structure of the ideological position, but also Chinese dominant ideology legitimacy, rationality of the inevitable requirement.
In the ideological structure theory as the key, the combination of history and development process of dynamic study of more than 60 years since the founding of the dominant ideology. Chinese in different periods with different modes of operation of different forms of ideology structure. Starting from the ideology of the three structural elements and its role, China traces the dominant ideology of deep structure from conformity to the height of isomorphism then, to change reasonable separation process, the surface structure experienced by the "mixed" into the guiding ideology, to unified ideology, until now "one main guide, the morphological changes of the coexistence of diverse". The study pointed out that the contemporary Chinese dominant ideology in dynamic operation to form the ideological transformation, from closed to open, from a single trend compound, reflect the structure of innovation in line with national conditions. Specifically, is to strengthen the theoretical innovation, strengthen theoretical explanation Force; weaken the value ideal of the height of the structure of the polymerization, the return value of dominant and non dominated function; in the cognition and belief fit each other at the same time, emphasizing the development of performance, strategy of harmonious. Especially in the reform and opening up as the cut-off point, the structure of ideology from a high degree of unity to their places, with each other, to achieve the leading structure structure to interactive, this is a profound structural change and innovation.
Many difficulties appear summary and reflection in the ideological field, from the structural analysis point of view, it is due to the structural contradictions in the process of the construction of long-term existence and have not been well resolved. By focusing on several of the contradiction between the elements and mode of action: Theory and value, ideal and reality, thinking and decision making, leading with balanced, exclusive and inclusive, inheritance and innovation, subject construction and cognitive theory, solved the problem of ideology for the current and future starting points. At the same time, analyzed the influence factors of the structure generation operation, all from the ideological field of thoughts, profound change of the realistic environment, the main structure of the various aspects of the three discuss, put forward new challenges China dominant ideology.
Theoretical innovation and practical demands is the necessary path of the Marx doctrine as the ideological value system for public recognition. At present, to strengthen the construction of ideology Chinese led by ideology from the perspective of structure, level, theoretical basis, and optimize the ideological structure elements, promote the overall linkage interactive structure. Both times to do theoretical innovation. Given the traditional ideology of new connotation, but also fully embodies the people-oriented, the core value of harmonious development, and combined with the situation in the practice of strategy, in people's psychological identity efforts. In the external level play function, improve the master-slave structure, master Marx's power of discourse, from all aspects of social life (political life. The ideological and cultural life and daily life) make further theoretical explanation, persuasion and guide the work of the Chinese dominant ideology The construction and Realization of internal harmony and external adaptation can act on the development of the state, society and human beings.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D61;A811;B036

【引证文献】