西方马克思主义消费异化批判理论及其现代价值

发布时间：2018-04-13 08:27

本文选题：西方马克思主义 + 异化　；参考：《重庆师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：二战后,在西方资本主义国家里发生了一个新的转变:异化现象从生产领域侵入消费领域,消费异化成为了当今社会异化的新表现。西方马克思主义敏锐地洞察到了这一现象,并把“消费异化”作为分析当代西方社会的重要概念。西方马克思主义消费异化批判理论的形成是以马克思的“异化论”为基础,他们将消费问题与异化理论巧妙地结合,既继承和发展了马克思劳动异化理论又形成了较为系统的西方马克思主义消费异化批判理论,本文系统地梳理了这一理论的主要内容,包括消费异化产生的根源、蜕变路径以及消费异化现象,揭示出消费异化的实质,即它与消费的本质相背离,控制着消费者的意识形态,且对自然、社会以及人类自身带来危害的非正常的消费模式和态度。这一理论的产生与一定的历史条件相关。本文认为,二战后,现代西方资本主义发展的新特点以及西方国家消费社会的到来为其理论创造了历史背景和客观条件。特别是20世纪60、70年代以后,大众日常生活领域产生了新的变化,即符号的象征意义在消费活动中占主导地位。针对这一变化,西方马克思主义理论家们从三大维度对消费异化问题进行了批判,分别是以文化为主的消费异化批判;以技术—工具理性为主的消费异化批判;以符号为主的消费异化批判。其代表人物有:霍克海默与阿多诺、马尔库塞、弗洛姆以及列斐伏尔、鲍德里亚等人。西方马克思主义消费批判理论既具有现代价值又有其局限性。其现代价值,如它对社会政治生活的揭示作用、对文化生活的指引作用以及对人与自然关系的警示作用,都对我国走出消费异化、构建社会主义和谐社会具有极大的借鉴意义;其局限性则在于,如夸大消费的社会政治功能、理论思想带有乌托邦色彩以及对根源性问题批判不彻底等。我国可以借鉴西方马克思主义消费异化批判理论,但前提是必须结合中国消费领域的特色,针对中国消费社会的问题,找到我国走出消费异化的途径,这对中国现代化建设具有重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:After World War II, a new change has taken place in western capitalist countries: the phenomenon of alienation invades the field of consumption from the production field, and the alienation of consumption has become a new manifestation of social alienation today.Western Marxism has a keen insight into this phenomenon and regards "consumption alienation" as an important concept in the analysis of contemporary western society.The formation of western Marxist critical theory of consumption alienation is based on Marx's "alienation theory", which skillfully combines consumption problem with alienation theory.It not only inherits and develops Marx's labor alienation theory, but also forms a systematic western Marxist consumption alienation critical theory. This paper systematically combs the main contents of this theory, including the origin of consumption alienation.The metamorphosis path and the phenomenon of consumption alienation reveal the essence of consumption alienation, that is, it deviates from the essence of consumption, controls the ideology of consumers, and controls the nature.The abnormal consumption pattern and attitude of society and human being bring harm.The emergence of this theory is related to certain historical conditions.This paper holds that after World War II, the new characteristics of modern western capitalism and the arrival of consumer society in western countries have created historical background and objective conditions for its theory.Especially since the 1960s and 1970s, new changes have taken place in the field of daily life of the masses, that is, the symbolic meaning of symbols plays a dominant role in consumer activities.In response to this change, Western Marxist theorists have criticized the problem of consumption alienation from three dimensions, namely, consumption alienation based on culture, consumption alienation based on technology-tool rationality, and consumption alienation based on technology and tool rationality.The criticism of consumption alienation based on symbol.Its representative figures are: Horkheimer and Adorno, Marcuse, Fromm and Lefephal, Baudrillard and others.Western Marxist consumption critical theory has both modern value and its limitations.Its modern value, such as its revealing function to social and political life, guiding function to cultural life and warning function to the relationship between man and nature, all have great reference significance for our country to go out of consumption alienation and construct socialist harmonious society.Its limitation lies in, for example, exaggerating the social and political function of consumption, having utopian color in the theoretical thought and criticizing the root problem thoroughly and so on.Our country can draw lessons from the western Marxist critical theory of consumption alienation, but the premise is that we must combine the characteristics of China's consumption field and find a way out of consumption alienation in view of the problems of China's consumer society.This is of great practical significance to China's modernization drive.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：A811

【参考文献】