马克思交往思想视域下哈贝马斯交往理论评析

发布时间：2018-04-20 20:54

本文选题：马克思 + 交往思想　；参考：《河南师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：马克思以劳动为基点出发,认为交往是在一定历史条件下,现实社会中的个人和共同体之间在物质和精神上的彼此约束、彼此作用、相互联系、共同发展的活动及其形成的相互关系的统一。交往是社会生产力得以正常有序发展的社会前提,人类社会历史发展的主要动力、个人全面自由发展的重要基础、实现共产主义的重要条件。无论对现实的个人还是整个社会来说,离开以物质生产实践为基础的交往是行不通的。哈贝马斯则以语言为其理论基点,努力走向一条现代性批判道路,提出了交往行为理论,来佐证以理性为基础的理性主义范式的可能性,试图以一种“乌托邦”式的交往理性,来克服生活世界殖民化所导致的人与人关系交往的异化。他一方面肯定了理性化的积极贡献,另一方面又批判工具理性对生活世界的殖民化。由于哈贝马斯交往理论抛弃了现实物质生产实践这一基础,对语用学的过度使用,导致了其对资本主义的批判存在不理性化,重建历史唯物主义的过程中存在不可避免的困境。哈贝马斯的交往理论在继承马克思交往思想的基础上,开拓了批判资本主义社会的一个新视角,并对马克思的交往思想提出了挑战。然则,与马克思的交往思想不论是在研究基点、内在动力还是对历史发展的认识方面都存在明显的不同。哈贝马斯的交往理论不仅提出了很多富有启发性的论点,还具有其合理性,在一定程度上对马克思的交往思想有补充完善作用。整体而言,哈贝马斯交往理论只探讨了如何合理分析问题的方法,并没有实质性上的探求真正解决问题的有效方案,不过是“乌托邦”式的改良主义。哈贝马斯的交往行为理论并没有从根本上发展马克思的交往思想,相反,他却陷入了重建历史唯物主义的困境。在生产力高度发展的全球化视域下,只有坚持马克思的交往思想,才能真正意义上解决现代化进程中的人际交往困境。
[Abstract]:Marx set out on the basis of labor, and thought that communication is the material and spiritual restraint, interaction and interrelation between individuals and communities in real society under certain historical conditions. The unity of common development activities and their mutual relations. Communication is the social premise for the normal and orderly development of the social productive forces, the main motive force for the historical development of human society, the important foundation for the all-round and free development of the individual, and the important condition for the realization of communism. For real individuals and society as a whole, it is impossible to leave contact based on the practice of material production. Habermas, on the other hand, based on language, tries to move towards a critical road of modernity, puts forward the theory of communicative behavior to prove the possibility of rationalism paradigm based on reason, and attempts to use a kind of "utopian" communicative rationality. To overcome the alienation of human relations caused by the colonization of the life world. On the one hand, he affirmed the positive contribution of rationalism, on the other hand, he criticized the colonization of the living world by instrumental rationality. Habermas' theory of communication abandoned the practice of practical material production and overused pragmatics, which led to the irrationality of his criticism of capitalism and the inevitable predicament in the process of rebuilding historical materialism. Habermas' theory of communication, on the basis of inheriting Marx's thought of communication, opens up a new angle of view for criticizing capitalist society, and challenges Marx's thought of communication. However, there are obvious differences between Marx and Marx in the basic point of study, the internal motive force and the understanding of historical development. Habermas's theory of communication not only puts forward many enlightening arguments, but also has its rationality, to a certain extent, it can complement and perfect Marx's theory of communication. As a whole, Habermas' theory of communication only discusses how to analyze the problem reasonably, but it is only a "utopian" type of reformism. Habermas's communicative behavior theory did not fundamentally develop Marx's communicative thought, on the contrary, he fell into the dilemma of rebuilding historical materialism. In the perspective of the globalization of productive forces, only by adhering to Marx's thought of communication, can the dilemma of interpersonal communication in the process of modernization be solved in a real sense.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：A811

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