列宁解决农民土地问题的思想及其现实启示

发布时间：2018-05-20 16:10

本文选题：列宁 + 土地　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：苏联是历史上第一个社会主义国家，在列宁的领导下，苏联的社会经济曾快速发展。我国跟苏联有一个共同点就是农民占人口数量的大多数。农民在革命时期曾经是工人阶级的同盟军，在革命进程中发挥着至关重要的作用。随着社会进入平稳的现代化建设时期，土地问题却日益引人关注。我国在处理城市化与土地问题的关系的过程中也暴露出不足之处。到底如何处理建设时期的农村土地问题，列宁曾做过长期的探索。虽然中苏两国国情与所处的年代不同，但列宁的土地思想依然值得借鉴。对于这方面问题的研究主要采用文献分析法，对涉及这方面问题的文献就行进行深入的分析，特别是对记录列宁思想的《列宁全集》进行分析综合。在此基础上，总结出了列宁的土地思想的理论来源是马克思的土地国有化理论，现实来源是俄国及不公平的土地分配制度，农民的利益受到的严重损害。列宁思想的主要内容包括：土地问题是俄国资产阶级革命的根本问题，这是因为农民是革命的主要力量，而土地问题正是关系农民问题的根本利益，所以处理好土地问题对团结农民进行革命具有重要意义；土地制度的实施按照本国国情及尊重农民利益，任何制度的实施必须坚持从客观实际出发，而土地问题最大的实际就是俄国的国情和农民的利益，只有遵循着两大实际，土地制度才能切实发挥其作用；继承并发展了马克思的土地国有化思想，列宁思想的理论来源是马克思主义的土地国有化思想，列宁在对其继承的基础上进行了创新，形成了适合俄国国情的土地国有化思想；农民接受新的土地制度需要一个长期的过程。从中也得出了对解决中国土地问题的启示：要坚持灵活性与原则性统一，，在坚持土地法律法规的基础上，根据实际情况进行变通，一切以农民的利益为根本出发点；维护农民的利益；适合本国国情的发展；不断完善土地方面的法律法规，时代在不断的发展，国情也不断的变化，农民的利益要求也不断变化，所以制度也应该不断适应现实需要，目前我国的土地制度有很多不完善的地方，新情况的出现使许多土地制度无法继续适用。
[Abstract]:The Soviet Union was the first socialist country in history. Under Lenin's leadership, the Soviet Union's social economy had developed rapidly. One thing our country has in common with the Soviet Union is that farmers make up the majority of the population. The peasants were allies of the working class during the revolution and played a vital role in the revolution. With the society entering a stable period of modernization, the land problem is attracting more and more attention. In the process of dealing with the relationship between urbanization and land problems, our country also exposed some shortcomings. How to deal with the construction of rural land problem, Lenin has made a long-term exploration. Although the situation of China and Soviet Union is different, Lenin's land thought is still worthy of reference. The research on this problem mainly adopts the method of literature analysis, especially the comprehensive analysis of the complete works of Lenin, which records Lenin's thoughts. On this basis, the author concludes that the theoretical source of Lenin's land thought is Marx's theory of land nationalization, the realistic source is Russia and the unfair land distribution system, and the interests of peasants are seriously damaged. The main contents of Lenin's thought include: the land problem is the fundamental problem of the Russian bourgeois revolution, this is because the peasants are the main force of the revolution, and the land issue is the fundamental interest of the peasant problem. Therefore, handling the land issue well is of great significance for uniting the peasants to carry out the revolution. The implementation of the land system must proceed from the objective reality in accordance with the national conditions of our country and respect for the interests of the peasants. The biggest reality of the land problem is the national conditions of Russia and the interests of peasants. Only by following the two realities, can the land system really play its role; it inherits and develops Marx's thought of nationalization of land. The theoretical source of Lenin's thought is the Marxist thought of nationalization of land. Lenin innovated on the basis of his inheritance and formed the thought of nationalization of land suitable for Russian national conditions. It takes a long-term process for farmers to accept the new land system. The enlightenment to solve the land problem in China is as follows: to insist on the unity of flexibility and principle, to adapt according to the actual situation on the basis of persisting in land laws and regulations, and to take the interests of peasants as the basic starting point; To safeguard the interests of farmers; to develop in accordance with the national conditions of our country; to constantly improve laws and regulations on land; the times are constantly developing; the national conditions are also constantly changing; and the interests and requirements of farmers are also constantly changing. Therefore, the system should constantly adapt to the needs of the reality. At present, there are many imperfections in the land system of our country, and the emergence of new circumstances makes many land systems unable to continue to apply.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F301;A821

【参考文献】