合法性视阈下中国共产党长期执政研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 09:12

本文选题：合法性 + 合法性基础　；参考：《南京师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：合法性问题是任何执政党都不能忽视的重大理论问题和实践问题。对长期执政的中国共产党来说,重视合法性问题更是直面中国政治生态现实和回应全球民主化潮流的需要。本篇论文从合法性理论的历史发展入题,在执政合法性理论已有成果基础上,研究合法性理论视阈下中国共产党长期执政的合法性。尽管合法性理论源远流长,但是规范主义和经验主义解释之下的合法性差异明显,并且这两种解释各有偏颇,当代一些西方思想家试图弥补两者的不足,合法性理论得到深化。然而合法性理论的不同解释之争并没有停息,相比较而言,哈贝巴斯提出的重建性的合法性理论相对完善,本篇论文中的合法性概念即以此为依据。一般来说,合法性理论关涉合法性概念、合法性基础、合法性危机和合法性维护四个部分。执政合法性理论作为合法性理论在政党政治时代的新发展,一般也是从这四个方面研究当代执政党的执政实践。尽管长期执政这一政治现象在中西方都有出现,“长期执政”的内涵及其与合法性的关系,中西方研究者的观点立场并不统一。西方学者并不热衷于研究长期执政问题,国内对一些西方政党的长期执政研究成果自20世纪80年代以来倒是频频出现。这与中国学术界对苏联共产党的执政及其消亡进行研究的出发点相同：都是为了引起中国共产党人对本党执政合法性的关注与重视。分析中国共产党长期执政的合法性是本篇论文的重心所在。笔者将中国共产党在全国执政的历程划分为三个阶段,即社会主义过渡时期、社会主义曲折发展时期和社会主义改革开放时期。在不同的阶段,中国共产党的执政合法性基础是不尽相同的,执政合法性基础的变迁是应对执政合法性危机的结果。中国共产党在长期执政过程中所积聚的合法性危机只有得到适度的化解,其执政合法性才能得到有效的维护,其长期执政地位才会更加巩固。巩固合法性基础是执政合法性建设主要目的所在。尽管不同时期中国共产党执政合法性基础不同,但其基本构成相对稳定,即主要是共产主义意识形态合法性基础、统治绩效合法性基础和民主法治合法性基础三个方面。因此,执政合法性建设也主要是从这三个方面展开。中国共产党的执政合法性基础建设,主要应该从社会主义宪政、经济与社会发展、社会意识三个领域推进,以期分别起到拓展民主法治合法性基础、巩固统治绩效合法性基础和强化意识形态合法性基础的效果。执政合法性维护实质上就是如何获得人民的认同和支持,而获得民众认同和支持的基本路径是拓展合法性资源,以构造多元化的执政合法性资源体系。多元化的执政合法性资源体系,以执政合法性的主体性资源为关键,以执政合法性基础为核心。因此,在执政合法性维护中必须通过强化执政党的自身建设而达到开创主体性资源的目的。并且围绕着执政合法性的三个普遍性基础,以增强合法性为目标不断拓展既有的执政合法性资源,坚持执政为民,发展党内民主,以实现中国共产党在合法性理论关照下保持长期执政地位的政治愿景。本篇论文的结语部分明确指出本课题研究还有待深入。从理论准备上看,长期执政与合法性之间的逻辑关系还不清晰。从实践上看,中国共产党的执政合法性基础建设和执政合法性维护都尚在探索之中。
[Abstract]:The question of legality is a major theoretical and practical problem that any party in power can't ignore. For the Communist Party of China in power for a long time, it is the need to pay more attention to legitimacy and to respond to the political ecological reality of China and to respond to the trend of global democratization. This paper is a question from the historical development of the theory of legitimacy and the theory of the legitimacy of the ruling party. On the basis of the existing achievements, the legitimacy of the CPC's long-term ruling is studied from the perspective of legitimacy theory.
Although the theory of legality has a long history, there are obvious differences in legitimacy under the interpretation of standardization and empiricism, and the two interpretations are biased. Some contemporary western thinkers try to make up for the shortcomings of the two, and the theory of legitimacy is deepened. However, the dispute of the different explanations of the theory of legitimacy is not stopped. In general, the theory of legality involves four parts: the concept of legitimacy, the basis of legality, the crisis of legality and the maintenance of legitimacy. The theory of legality is the new development of the theory of legality as the theory of legitimacy in the political era of party. Generally speaking, we should study the ruling practice of the contemporary ruling party from these four aspects.
Although the long-term ruling political phenomenon has appeared in both China and the west, the connotation of "long-term governance" and its relationship with legitimacy, the standpoint and position of the Chinese and Western researchers are not uniform. The western scholars are not keen on the study of long term governance. The results of the long term governance of some western political parties in China have fallen since 1980s. It appears frequently, which is the same as the starting point of the study on the ruling and demise of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in China: to attract the attention and attention of the Chinese Communists to the legitimacy of the party's ruling.
The analysis of the legitimacy of the long term ruling by the Communist Party of China is the focus of this paper. The author divides the course of the Communist Party of China in power into three stages, namely, the period of socialist transition, the period of tortuous development of socialism and the period of socialist reform and opening up. In different stages, the legitimacy of the ruling party of the Communist Party of China is based on the legal nature of the Communist Party. Not the same, the change in the basis of the legitimacy of the ruling is the result of the crisis of the legitimacy of the ruling. The legitimacy crisis accumulated by the Communist Party of China in the process of long ruling is only moderately defused, its ruling legitimacy can be effectively maintained, and its long-term ruling position will be more consolidated.
Consolidating the basis of legitimacy is the main purpose of building the legitimacy of the ruling party. Although the basic constitution of the Communist Party of China is different in different periods, its basic constitution is relatively stable, that is, the basis of the legality of the Communist ideology, the basis of the legitimacy of the ruling performance and the foundation of the legitimacy of the rule of democracy in the rule of law. Therefore, the legitimacy of the ruling is legal. The construction of sexual construction is mainly from these three aspects. The basic construction of the ruling legitimacy of the Communist Party of China should be carried out in three fields, namely, socialist constitutionalism, economic and social development, and social consciousness, with a view to expanding the legitimacy basis of the democratic rule of law, consolidating the basis of the legitimacy of the ruling performance and strengthening the basis of the legitimacy of ideology. The basis of the effect.
In essence, the maintenance of the legitimacy of the ruling is how to obtain the identity and support of the people, and the basic path to obtain the identity and support of the people is to expand the legitimacy resources and to construct a pluralistic system of ruling legitimacy resources. The pluralistic system of ruling legitimacy is the key to the main resources of the ruling legitimacy, and the basis of the ruling legitimacy The foundation is the core. Therefore, in the maintenance of the legitimacy of the ruling party, we must strengthen the construction of the ruling party to achieve the purpose of creating the main body of resources. And around the three universal foundations of the legitimacy of the ruling, in order to strengthen the legitimacy as the goal, we will continue to expand the existing resources of the existing ruling legitimacy, adhere to the government for the people, and develop the Democratic Party in the party. Now the Communist Party of China maintains a long-term political position under the supervision of legitimacy theory.
From the theoretical preparation, the logical relationship between the long-term governance and the legitimacy is not clear. In practice, the basic construction of the ruling legitimacy of the Communist Party of China and the maintenance of the legitimacy of the ruling are still in the exploration.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D25

【引证文献】