中国共产党人民共和的理论与实践研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 11:11

本文选题：中国共产党 + 人民共和　；参考：《东北师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：现代政治学语境中的共和一词起源于西方，马克思主义政治学说对其进行过阐述，中国古代政治思想对其也有所涉及。经过不断的分化、糅杂，其基本涵义和核心理念在漫长的政治思想发展历程中，发生了较大的变化。对于什么是共和，古今中外的思想家给予了不同的回答，但国权公有、多元均衡、包容妥协、和平和谐、崇尚法律、推崇美德等共和思想的内核则始终贯彻其中。近年来，随着西方新共和主义思潮的复兴，越来越多的国内学者开始关注共和问题，，从共和的维度出发，寻求平衡单纯民主所蕴含的局限性的良方。中国共产党人经过长期的理论与实践探索，在领导人民进行革命、建设和改革的历史进程中，将这一起源于西方的政治词汇与充分体现共产党价值追求的“人民”一词相结合，创造了“人民共和”这一既体现在我国国名之中，又反映了我国的政治制度和体制结构的重要词汇。并在客观上形成了党的人民共和的基本理念。这些基本理念贯穿于党的理论与实践活动之中，通过共和国的制度架构转化为实践，并展现出独特的中国风格和中国特色。本论文坚持以马克思主义政治学基本原理为指导，坚持宏观的历史透视与微观的历史剖析相结合，坚持目的与手段、真理与价值的统一，从政治学、马克思主义理论、社会学、历史学等各学科交叉整合的视角，运用辩证唯物主义的思维方法以及中外比较研究法、理论联系实际法、信息梳理与分析法等研究方法，在对党人民共和理论的思想渊源进行分析和阐述，对中国共产党人追寻和探索人民共和理论与实践的历史轨迹和发展脉络进行梳理的基础上，概括和诠释了人民共和的基本理念、制度框架及其基本特征。根据对人民共和实践的现实境遇的分析和把握，探讨新时期新形势下的路径选择。论文主体共分为六个部分进行分析和论述。第一部分，从人民共和理论对西方共和主义有益成果的借鉴、对马克思主义经典作家的人民共和思想的继承以及对中国传统政治文化中“共和”观念的扬弃等方面对党的人民共和理论的思想渊源进行了分析。第二部分，以时间为线索厘清党探索人民共和的历史轨迹，将其划分为三个阶段：民主革命时期的初步探索、新中国成立后的继续探索以及改革开放后的新探索。第三部分，从人民共和的基本理念、制度架构和基本特征三个方面对中国共产党人民共和理论的主要内容进行理析。以人民当家作主作为政治追求的首要价值，以政治参与多元化作为政治运行的重要方式，以权力的制约与监督作为政治良性运转的保障，以宪政法治和公民美德作为政治运行的双重支撑和以政治发展成果和谐共享作为政治发展目标等构成了人民共和的基本理念。这些基本理念在我国人民民主专政的国家性质、人民代表大会制度、共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度、民族区域自治制度、基层民主制度以及“一国两制”等中国特色社会主义政治制度体制中得到充分体现，并具有其独特的基本特征：坚持以人为本的核心价值理念，坚持一元领导与多元有序参与相结合，体现平等、包容、妥协、和谐的精神内核，彰显我国根本社会制度的优越性等。第四部分，从人民当家作主的权利得到进一步尊重与落实、基本政治制度不断完善和发展、权力制约与监督水平显著提高、社会主义法制建设获得突破性进展等四个方面对人民共和实践取得的进展进行高度肯定的同时，正确认识其在保障人民当家作主、促进政治多元参与、加强权力制约与监督以及确保政治发展成果和谐共享等方面面临的问题和挑战，并在此基础上全面评析党的人民共和实践的现实境遇。第五部分，从三个层面对进一步健全与完善人民共和的路径选择进行了思考：一是完善人民共和实现的制度保障；二是推动人民共和实践的规范化和法制化；三是营造有利于人民共和心理认同的政治文化氛围。结论部分，总结与揭示了中国共产党人民共和理论与实践的经验和现实启示：人民共和的理论与实践必须立足于中国基本国情；人民共和的实践必须与推进政治社会化和公民社会建设结合起来；必须坚持党的领导、人民当家作主与依法治国的统一；必须推进人民共和的理论创新和制度创新；必须借鉴和吸纳人类社会一切优秀的政治文明成果等。
[Abstract]:The word "Republic" in the context of modern political science originated from the west, and Marx's political theory expounded it. The ancient Chinese political thought was also involved in it. After continuous differentiation and mixing, the basic meaning and core concept had changed greatly in the long history of political thought. Today, Chinese and foreign thinkers have given different answers, but the core of the republican ideology, such as public ownership, pluralism, tolerance and compromise, peace and harmony, the worship of the law and the virtues of virtue, has always been carried out. In recent years, with the revival of new Republican ideas in the West, more and more domestic scholars have begun to pay attention to the Republican issue, from the dimension of the Republic. After a long period of theory and practice, the Chinese Communists, in the historical process of leading the people to carry out revolution, construction and reform, combine the political vocabulary derived from the West with the word "people", which fully embodies the value of the Communist Party, and creates a "man". The people's Republic is not only reflected in the national name of our country, but also reflects the important vocabulary of the political system and structure of our country. And it has formed the basic idea of the party's people's Republic objectively. These basic ideas run through the party's theoretical and practical activities, and are translated into practice through the institutional framework of the Republic and are unique. Chinese style and Chinese characteristics.
This paper, guided by the basic principles of Marx's political science, adheres to the combination of macro historical perspective and microcosmic historical analysis, adheres to the unity of purpose and means, truth and value, from the perspective of political science, Marx theory, sociology, history and other disciplines, and uses the dialectical materialism method of thinking. And the Chinese and foreign comparative research method, the theory contact the actual law, the information combing and the analysis method and so on research method, analysis and expound the thought origin of the party people's republic theory, on the basis of the Chinese Communists seeking and exploring the historical track and the development of the people's Republic theory and practice, generalizes and annotates the people's Communist Party. The basic concept, the system framework and its basic features are analyzed and grasped according to the practical situation of the people's Republic, and the path selection under the new situation is discussed in the new period. The thesis is divided into six parts to analyze and discuss.
The first part, from the reference of the people's Republic Theory to the beneficial results of Western republicanism, the inheritance of the people's Republic thought of Marx's classic writers and the analysis of the ideological origin of the party's people's Republic Theory in the traditional political culture of China.
The second part, taking time as a clue to clarify the historical track of the party's exploration of the people's Republic, divides it into three stages: the preliminary exploration of the period of democratic revolution, the continuing exploration after the founding of new China and the new exploration after the reform and opening up.
The third part analyzes the main contents of the people's Republic Theory of the Communist Party of China from the basic concepts, the institutional framework and the basic characteristics of the people's Republic. Taking the people's ownership as the primary value of the political pursuit, the political participation is an important way of political operation, and the restriction and supervision of power as the politics. The basic concepts of the people's Republic, such as the dual support of the constitutional and political treatment and the citizen virtue as the political operation and the harmonious sharing of political development results as the goal of political development, are the basic ideas of the people's Republic. These basic concepts are the national character of the people's democratic dictatorship, the system of the people's Congress and the multi party cooperation led by the Communist Party. The political consultative system, the system of national regional autonomy, the grass-roots democratic system and the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics, such as "one country, two systems", are fully embodied in the system of socialist political system, such as "one country, two systems", and have its unique basic characteristics: adhering to the core value concept of people oriented, adhering to the combination of one yuan leadership and multiple orderly participation, and reflecting equality, Tolerance, compromise, harmonious spiritual core, highlighting the superiority of China's fundamental social system.
In the fourth part, the rights of the people are further respected and implemented, the basic political system is constantly improved and developed, the level of power restriction and supervision is greatly improved, and the breakthrough progress of the socialist legal system construction has been highly affirmed in the four aspects of the people's Republic practice. The problems and challenges facing the disabled people, promoting political pluralistic participation, strengthening the restriction and supervision of power and ensuring the harmonious sharing of political development achievements and so on, and on this basis comprehensively evaluate the practical situation of the party's people's Republic practice.
The fifth part, from the three layers to further improve and improve the people's Republic of the path of choice: one is to improve the people's Republic to achieve the institutional guarantee; two to promote the standardization and legalization of the people's Republic practice; three is to create a political and cultural atmosphere conducive to the people's Republic psychological identity.
The conclusion part, summarizing and revealing the experience and practical enlightenment of the theory and practice of the people's Republic of the Communist Party of China: the theory and practice of the people's Republic must be based on the basic national conditions of China; the practice of the people's Republic must be combined with the promotion of political socialization and the construction of civil society; the leadership of the party must be adhered to, and the people should be the masters of the family. The unity of governing the country according to law must promote the theoretical and institutional innovation of the people's Republic, and we must draw on and absorb all the outstanding achievements of political civilization in the human society.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D25

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