论马克思的公平思想

发布时间：2018-06-10 01:29

本文选题：马克思 + 公平思想　；参考：《中南大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：马克思公平思想是马克思思想体系的重要组成部分。有关马克思公平思想的内涵外延、理论基础、发展历程的探讨,有助于揭示马克思公平思想的全貌,同时通过探讨其历史定位与当代价值,亦能更好地服务于社会主义建设。马克思公平思想有深刻的科学内涵。马克思一直强调公平的历史性与相对性。从马克思所提出来的生产力决定生产关系,社会存在决定社会意识的一般原理可推导出社会公平是被生产实践所决定的；从阶级社会必然存在不平等现象,从通过无产阶级革命推翻资产阶级的统治走向社会主义社会和共产主义社会可以知道只有消灭阶级才能实现公平；从共产主义社会将不存在生产资料的私人占有制、不存在国家和一切等级组织,将实现人与人在经济、政治上的平等,消除因分工所导致的差异,可以看出共产主义社会将是完全公平平等的社会。马克思公平思想是建立在之前相关理论基础之上的,也经历了三个主要发展阶段。马克思公平思想产生的现实基础是社会上所存在的经济与政治的不平等,主要表现为财富的集中与贫困的增长并存、无产阶级与资产阶级直接对立；马克思公平思想的理论渊源有古典公平思想和自由主义公平思想、黑格尔与费尔巴哈的公平思想、空想社会主义的公平思想等；马克思公平思想的发展历程是以《莱茵报》时期、巴黎时期为界而划分为三个阶段,在这三个阶段中马克思分别扮演着追求人类幸福的民主斗士、追求公平的人道主义者和基于历史唯物主义的公平批判与重建者三种角色。马克思公平思想有经济、政治和道德等三个维度。马克思经济公平思想是从劳动与经济关系当中逐渐推导出来的,深刻揭示了资本主义的不公平的实质,其核心在于通过对生产资料占有制的考察来揭示资本主义经济过程的不公平性。马克思政治公平思想主要集中于阶级与政治权利方面的探讨,消除一切政治特权是其主要实现途径。马克思道德公平思想关注的是作为世界主体的人和整个人类的命运这一最高层次的道德追求,人类自由解放是其终极追求和体现。实际上这三种公平思想最终都是为了实现人类的自由解放这一共同目标。马克思公平思想需要科学客观的评估,以明确其价值并更好地指导我国的社会主义建设实践。马克思公平思想在他所处的时代具有非常重要的意义,体现了马克思思想的博大精深,具有极强的实践价值,也遗留了一些历史谜题。在现代社会,马克思公平思想既受到来自于以罗尔斯为代表的自由主义公平思想的挑战,又有来自于分析马克思主义为代表的西方马克思主义学者的不同解释和理解所带来的困惑。当前,马克思公平思想的现实价值主要体现在有助于和谐社会的实现,同时马克思公平思想对人类社会公平的终极理想的描绘,也可以为当下社会提供现实努力的方向和动力。
[Abstract]:Marx ' s fairness thought is an important part of Marx ' s ideology system . The connotation extension , theoretical basis and development course of Marx ' s fairness thought help to reveal the whole appearance of Marx ' s fairness thought , and meanwhile , through discussing its historical location and contemporary value , it can serve the socialist construction better .

Marx ' s theory of fairness has profound scientific connotation . Marx has always emphasized the historical and relativity of fairness . From the productivity determined by Marx , the general principles of social consciousness determine the social fairness which is decided by the practice of production ;
From the inevitable existence of inequality in the class society , it is possible to know that only the elimination class can achieve equity from the overthrow of the bourgeoisie by the proletariat revolution to the socialist society and the communist society ;
From the communist society , there will be no private ownership of production data , there will be no national and all hierarchical organizations , which will realize the economic , political equality and the elimination of the differences caused by the division of labour , and it can be seen that the communist society will be a completely fair and equal society .

Marx ' s theory of fairness is based on the previous relevant theories and has experienced three main stages of development . The realistic basis of Marx ' s fairness thought is the economic and political inequality in the society , mainly manifested as the accumulation of wealth and the growth of poverty , and the proletariat is directly opposite to the bourgeoisie ;
The theoretical origin of Marx ' s equity theory is classical fairness thought and liberal equity , Hegel and Feuerbach ' s fairness thought , empty thought of socialism ' s fairness thought , etc .
The development course of Marx ' s fairness thought is divided into three stages in the period of the period of the Paris period and the Paris period . In these three stages , Marx played three roles in pursuit of the human well - being , the pursuit of the fair humanitarian and the fair criticism and reconstruction based on historical materialism .

Marx ' s fair thought has three dimensions , such as economy , politics and morality . Marx ' s economic fairness idea is derived from the relationship between labor and economy deeply . The core of Marx ' s economic fairness is to reveal the unfair nature of capitalist economic process through the investigation of the production information possession system . Marx ' s theory of political fairness is mainly focused on the discussion of class and political rights , and the elimination of all political privileges is its main realization way .

Marx ' s theory of justice requires scientific and objective assessment to clarify its value and guide our country ' s socialist construction practice better . Marx ' s theory of fairness has very important meaning in his age , which embodies the profound and profound practical value of Marx ' s thought . At present , the realistic value of Marx ' s fairness is embodied in the realization of the harmonious society . At the same time , Marx ' s fair thought is the ultimate ideal depiction of human social fairness , and also can provide the direction and impetus for the present society to provide practical efforts .
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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