马克思国家观及其当代启示

发布时间：2018-06-10 14:44

本文选题：马克思 + 国家观　；参考：《长安大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前中国正处在社会转型的关键时期,利益主体、价值取向的多元化导致各种社会矛盾纷繁复杂,社会不公平的现象加剧。这些问题的存在对党和国家的治理能力提出了巨大的挑战。面对新的形势,中国如何进行国家建设,政府职能如何转变,国家治理现代化如何推进等都成为当前急需解决的问题。这一系列国家问题就需要我们对国家观有一个明确的理解,而马克思的国家观是马克思主义基本原理的重要组成部分,它包含着极其丰富的科学内涵,对当代国家问题的研究具有理论指导作用。论文除了绪论和结论外包括四个部分。第一部分阐述马克思国家观的理论渊源及演进过程。马克思国家观是通过对古希腊时期的国家观、黑格尔理性国家观、空想社会主义国家观以及近代资产阶级自由主义国家观批判的基础上,发展演变为具有科学性和实践性的国家观;它经历了初步探索、逐步成熟、发展完善三个阶段,清晰地划分马克思国家观的发展阶段,可以为马克思国家观的进一步研究奠定基础。第二部分阐述马克思国家观的基本内容。马克思认为,国家是社会在一定发展阶段上的产物;国家本质上是阶级性和社会性两种本质属性的统一;国家具有政治统治和社会管理二重职能;国家必然在历史中诞生,也必然随着历史的发展而消亡;国家与市民社会关系是市民社会决定国家,而不是国家决定市民社会;国家形式既是国家的外在表现形式,也是国家的基本结构,它主要包括国家政权组织形式和国家结构形式两方面内容。通过对马克思国家观基本内容的把握,从而对马克思国家观有一个整体的认识。第三部分阐述马克思国家观的基本特征。分别从马克思国家观的彻底批判性、实践基础上革命性和科学性的统一、国家存在的历史必然性和消亡性的统一这三个方面来说明马克思国家观的特征。第四部分阐述马克思国家观的当代启示。深入研究和思考马克思国家观,对我们在新的历史条件下加快转变政府职能、维护国家独立与主权、合理调整国家与社会关系、拓宽人民利益诉求渠道、健全国家法律制度体系具有十分重要的理论价值和启示意义。
[Abstract]:At present, China is in the critical period of social transformation. The diversification of the main body of interest and value orientation leads to various social contradictions and complicated, and the phenomenon of social injustice intensifies. The existence of these problems poses a great challenge to the governance ability of the Party and the country. Facing the new situation, how to carry on the national construction, how to change the function of the government, how to promote the modernization of the country's governance have become the problems that need to be solved urgently. This series of national issues requires us to have a clear understanding of the concept of state, and Marx's concept of state is an important part of the basic principles of Marxism, which contains extremely rich scientific connotations. The study of contemporary national problems has the function of theoretical guidance. Besides introduction and conclusion, the thesis includes four parts. The first part expounds the theoretical origin and evolution process of Marx's concept of state. Marx's view of state is based on the critique of the state of ancient Greece, Hegel's rational state, the utopian socialist state and the modern bourgeois liberalism. The development has evolved into a scientific and practical view of the state, which has undergone three stages of preliminary exploration, gradual maturity, development and perfection, and clearly divided the stages of the development of Marx's concept of state. It can lay a foundation for further study of Marx's concept of state. The second part expounds the basic content of Marx's state view. Marx believed that the state is the product of the society at a certain stage of development; the state is essentially the unity of the two essential attributes of class nature and sociality; the state has the dual functions of political domination and social management; the state must be born in history. The relationship between the state and the citizen is the civil society that decides the state, not the state determines the civil society. The form of the state is not only the external manifestation of the country, but also the basic structure of the country. It mainly includes two aspects: the organizational form of state power and the form of state structure. Through grasping the basic content of Marx's state view, we can have a whole understanding of Marx's state view. The third part expounds the basic characteristics of Marx's concept of state. The characteristics of Marx's concept of state are illustrated from three aspects: the thorough criticism of Marx's concept of state, the unity of revolutionary and scientific nature on the basis of practice, and the unity of historical inevitability and extinction of the existence of a country. The fourth part expounds the contemporary enlightenment of Marx's view of state. By deeply studying and thinking about Marx's concept of state, we should speed up the transformation of government functions under the new historical conditions, safeguard the independence and sovereignty of the state, rationally adjust the social relations between the state and the society, and broaden the channels for the interests of the people. Perfecting the national legal system has very important theoretical value and enlightening significance.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A81

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