马克思主体性思想及其对新疆跨越式发展的启示

发布时间：2018-07-21 11:18

【摘要】：人的主体性思想是一个恒古而常新的话题。在哲学史上，主体性问题一直随着哲学主体的转换而不断发展。马克思哲学作为人类解放学说，尤为关注人的主体性的解放和发展。深入研究马克思主体性思想不仅对于完整准确地理解主体性思想具有重要意义，同时对实现新疆跨越式发展的历史任务具有现实的指导意义。马克思的主体性思想不是凭空产生的，它的产生具有深刻的时代背景和理论基础，资本主义生产力的发展、资本主义社会矛盾的激化、无产阶级追求人类和自身的解放构成了马克思主体性思想形成的社会历史背景；古希腊普罗泰戈拉和苏格拉底主体性思想的提出，近代哲学中笛卡尔、康德、黑格尔等对人的主观能动性不断的发展，为马克思主体性思想提供了理论基础。马克思在批判继承前人的基础上又进行了理论创新，认为主体是处于一定社会历史联系中的、有意识、有目的的能动地进行认识世界和改造世界的现实个人，而主体性是具有自我意识的人，在为我的对象性活动中所产生和发挥出的自主性、能动性、创造性的特性。在此基础上，马克思分别从历史、实践和价值三个维度考察了人的主体性，指出自主性、能动性和创造性是主体性的主要表现形态；在处理人与自然、人与社会、人与人的社会关系时，认为物的尺度和人的尺度的统一、合规律性和合目的性的统一、社会发展规律和广大人民群众主体地位的统一是人的主体性特征的本质所在。革命的理论要运用于革命的实践。在新疆跨越式发展中，经过一段时期的发展，新疆地区的各项事业都取得了长足的发展，但同时也存在人民群众没有成为新疆跨越式发展的主体、对政府和兄弟省份的援助过分依赖、生态环境遭到极大的破坏等现实问题，因此，我们应该用马克思主体性思想来指导新疆跨越式发展：首先，确立起人民群众在新疆跨越式发展中的主体地位，明确人民群众是新疆跨越式发展的动力、关键和目的；其次，提升人民群众的主体性，充分发挥人民群众在新疆跨越式发展中自主性、能动性和创造性；最后，把人的全面发展最为新疆跨越式发展的终极关怀，在人与自然的生产实践中要建立起生态文明的主体性，，在人与人的社会关系实践中要确立起人的交互主体性，最终把实现人的自由而全面的发展作为新疆跨越式发展的终极关怀。
[Abstract]:The subjective thought of man is a constant and often new topic. In the history of philosophy, subjectivity has been developing with the transformation of philosophical subjects. As a theory of human liberation, Marxist philosophy pays particular attention to the emancipation and development of human subjectivity. The in-depth study of Marx's subjectivity thought is not only of great significance for the complete and accurate understanding of the subjectivity thought, but also of practical guiding significance for the historical task of realizing the development of Xinjiang by leaps and bounds. Marx's subjective thought is not born out of thin air. It has a profound background and theoretical foundation of the times, the development of capitalist productive forces and the intensification of contradictions in capitalist society. The proletariat's pursuit of human beings and its own liberation constituted the social and historical background of the formation of Marx's subjectivity thought, the proletariat's proletarian thoughts of Protaigora and Socrates in ancient Greece, Descartes, Kant, and Kant in modern philosophy. Hegel's constant development of man's subjective initiative provides a theoretical basis for Marx's subjective thought. Marx carried out theoretical innovation on the basis of criticizing and inheriting the predecessors, and thought that the subject was in a certain social and historical connection, consciously and purposefully active to understand the world and transform the world of realistic individuals. Subjectivity is a self-conscious person, which is the independent, active and creative character produced and brought into play in the object activities for me. On this basis, Marx examined human subjectivity from three dimensions of history, practice and value, and pointed out that autonomy, initiative and creativity are the main forms of subjectivity, and in dealing with man and nature, man and society, When it comes to the social relations between people, it is believed that the unity of the measure of things and the scale of people, the unity of regularity and purpose, the unity of social development law and the subject status of the masses of the people are the essence of the subjective characteristics of human beings. The theory of revolution should be applied to the practice of revolution. In the development of Xinjiang by leaps and bounds, after a period of development, various undertakings in Xinjiang have made great progress, but at the same time, there are also people who have not become the main body of the leapfrog development in Xinjiang. The aid to the government and the brotherly provinces is too dependent, the ecological environment is greatly destroyed and so on. Therefore, we should use Marx's subjectivity thought to guide Xinjiang's leap-forward development: first of all, To establish the main position of the masses in Xinjiang's leap-forward development and to make clear that the masses are the motive force, key and purpose of Xinjiang's leap-forward development; secondly, to enhance the subjectivity of the masses, To give full play to the autonomy, initiative and creativity of the people in Xinjiang's leap-forward development; finally, to make the all-round development of human beings the ultimate concern of Xinjiang's leap-forward development. In the production practice of man and nature, the subjectivity of ecological civilization should be established, and the intersubjectivity of human beings should be established in the practice of social relations between human beings. Finally, the realization of human freedom and comprehensive development as the ultimate concern for the development of Xinjiang by leaps and bounds.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D252;A811

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