资本的道德与不道德的资本——从《1844年经济学哲学手稿》谈起

发布时间：2018-08-12 07:37

【摘要】：《1844年经济学哲学手稿》蕴藏着马克思对历史之谜的历史唯物主义解答。它是马克思对经济问题初步的、辩证的、实践的认识。马克思有着自己的合于社会规律的道德理想,即每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件。马克思揭示了资本的文明,资本使人获得了政治的自由,解脱了束缚市民社会的桎梏,把各领域彼此连成一体,创造了博爱的商业、纯洁的道德、令人愉悦的文化教养。马克思从未放弃异化的概念。在《1857—1858年经济学手稿》和《资本论》中,马克思把异化的反过来统治人的劳动产品,通过生产的社会化形式,转化为剩余劳动进而转化为剩余价值,从而揭示资本攫取剩余价值的本质。资本作为生产关系,它的伦理内涵表现在:平等地剥削劳动力,是资本的首要的人权。资本不仅表现为社会关系,也体现为某种意识和观念;资本促进秩序和规则的培育,也发展出现代平等、自由、信用等概念;资本关系及其伦理在人类发展当中只是一种暂时性的存在。
[Abstract]:The manuscript of Economics and philosophy in 1844 contains Marx's historical materialism solution to the riddle of history. It is Marx's preliminary, dialectical and practical understanding of economic problems. Marx had his own moral ideal in accordance with the social law, that is, the free development of everyone is the condition of the free development of all people. Marx revealed the civilization of capital, capital made people obtain political freedom, freed from the shackles of civil society, connected each other with each other, created fraternal commerce, pure morality and pleasant cultural upbringing. Marx never gave up the concept of alienation. In the Economic manuscripts of 1857 to 1858 and Capital, Marx transformed alienation into surplus labor and then into surplus value through the socialization of production. In order to reveal the nature of capital capture surplus value. Capital as a relation of production, its ethical connotation is: equal exploitation of labor force, is the first human rights of capital. Capital is not only reflected in social relations, but also embodied in a certain consciousness and concept, and the concept of modern equality, freedom and credit is also developed when the capital promotes the cultivation of order and rules. Capital relationship and its ethics are only a temporary existence in human development.
【作者单位】：河海大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目“资本伦理研究”[项目编号:13bzx073]的阶段性成果
【分类号】：A811

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