马克思社会批判理论的审美建构

发布时间：2019-03-17 11:58

【摘要】：本文以马克思哲学为理论基础,以关怀现实的人的自由为旨归,通过对马克思社会批判理论的研究,旨在为人的自由的实现建立一种可能的生活样态。近代以来,哲学家所面临的真正挑战并不是来自于哲学自身,而是来自于物质丰富与道德沦丧、技术的胜利与人性的压抑、进步与倒退、解放与奴役、自由与压制所构成的近代工业社会的各种矛盾与异化。这个社会与宗教信仰、传统压抑相勾结不断消解着人的自由。哲学家试图以哲学的方式追回失去的人格、恢复人的价值、争取人的自我实现。尽管近代哲学以一种形而上学的姿态来构建,但仍以哲学的方式来对社会进行反思与批判。针对德国古典哲学的反思与批判更多停留在精神领域并没有现实地变革现实的现状。马克思通过对黑格尔哲学的批判,实现了哲学观的变革,使批判直接指向现实社会,抓住“现实的人”,以历史的逻辑进路,科学指出了人的自由解放的图景,为西方社会批判理论的建立提供了源头。本文通过考察马克思社会批判理论与近代哲学尤其是德国古典哲学的历史渊源,以马克思哲学理论为基础,并结合西方马克思主义研究者和国内学者对马克思社会批判理论的研究现状,紧扣马克思文本,系统而全面的对资本主义社会进行批判,并从现实性、理想性与历史性相统一的审美维度出发,以实现现实的人的自由为旨归,紧紧抓住马克思社会批判理论审美建构批判性、超越性与自由性的特征,在进一步系统研究马克思社会批判理论基础上,使人能“按照美的规律来构造”,并通过“批判旧世界发现新世界”,实现“必然王国向自由王国的超越”,深入探索人全面而现实的自由的实现,从而完成哲学“应然”与“实然”的统一,在尘世建立人间天国——自由人的联合体,并分析马克思社会批判理论审美建构对实现马克思理论体系的整体性、对当今资本主义的批判以及我国的社会主义市场经济具有巨大的理论与现实意义。
[Abstract]:This paper is based on Marxist philosophy and aims at the freedom of people who care about reality. Through the study of Marx's social critical theory, this paper aims to establish a possible life pattern for the realization of human freedom. Since modern times, the real challenges faced by philosophers have come not from philosophy itself, but from material enrichment and moral decline, technological victories and repression of human nature, progress and retrogression, liberation and enslavement. Various contradictions and alienation of modern industrial society constituted by freedom and repression. The collusion between this society and religious beliefs, traditional repression constantly dispels the freedom of human beings. Philosophers try to recover lost personality by philosophical means, restore human value and strive for self-realization. Although modern philosophy is constructed in a metaphysical manner, it still reconsiders and criticizes society in a philosophical way. The reflection and criticism of German classical philosophy remain more in the spiritual field and do not change the reality of reality realistically. By criticizing Hegel's philosophy, Marx realized the reform of philosophy, made the criticism point directly to the realistic society, grasped the "real man", and scientifically pointed out the picture of the free liberation of human beings through the logical approach of history. It provides the source for the establishment of western social critical theory. By examining the historical origin of Marx's social critical theory and modern philosophy, especially German classical philosophy, this paper is based on Marx's philosophical theory. Combined with the current research situation of Marx's social critical theory by western Marxist researchers and domestic scholars, the author makes a systematic and comprehensive criticism of capitalist society according to Marx's text, and makes a systematic and comprehensive criticism of capitalist society from the realistic point of view. Starting from the aesthetic dimension of the unity of ideality and history, the aim is to realize the freedom of human being in reality, and firmly grasp the characteristics of critical, transcendental and free aesthetic construction of Marx's social critical theory. On the basis of further systematic study of Marx's theory of social criticism, the author makes people "construct according to the law of beauty", and through "criticizing the old world and discovering the new world", realizes "the transcendence of the kingdom of necessity to the kingdom of freedom". Deeply exploring the realization of man's all-round and realistic freedom, so as to complete the unity of philosophy "ought to be" and "reality", and to establish the union of free man, the kingdom of heaven and earth, in the earthly world. It also analyzes that the aesthetic construction of Marx's social critical theory is of great theoretical and practical significance to the realization of the integrity of Marx's theoretical system, to the criticism of capitalism today and to the socialist market economy in China.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：A811

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