拿破仑的法律思想与法治实践探析
发布时间：2018-08-16 11:38
【摘要】：拿破仑·波拿巴(Napoléon·Bonaparte)是18世纪末法国伟大的政治家和军事家,早年积极投身于资产阶级革命,从1799年开始统治法国十五年。拿破仑在法国建立起系统的法律体系,领导制定并颁布实施了《法国民法典》、《法国商法典》、《法国刑事诉讼法》等一系列成文法典,并将这些法律制度和法律观念推广到欧洲被占领国家,开创了大陆成文法系的新纪元;拿破仑主张依法治国,倡导法律的实用性和通俗化,从而为普及人民大众的法律意识做出了积极贡献;他将宗教纳入国家的法律体系,极好地发挥了宗教在国家统治中的教育和精神统治功能,促进了民族的团结和融合;他积极实施行政改革,简化立法程序,精简行政机构,大大缩减了政府的行政管理体系;他改革税制,推行大陆经济封锁制度,实行书报检查制度,在各个领域实施依法治理,促进法国资本主义经济的现代化发展。拿破仑以务实的态度和果断的性格开创了法国和世界法制史大陆法系的新纪元。近年来,对于拿破仑的法学研究已经逐渐由民法典的局限开始向法学的各个领域渗透,从法律史的角度对拿破仑的法律思想与法治实践进行探究,对于当下我国构建法治社会和推动民族团结具有很现实的借鉴意义。本文着力结合时代背景,从法制史的角度出发,选取拿破仑的法律思想与法治实践作为研究对象,采用历史分析和实证分析相结合的方法,通过对拿破仑法律思想产生的成因、法治实践的举措、法治实践的成就进行论述,以期从中得出对我国法治国家建设的积极借鉴意义。 在对拿破仑的相关书信、文件资料进行系统研究分析的前提下,本文着力从以下几个部分展开论述: 引言部分介绍了拿破仑法治实践的成就、相关领域研究现状、研究的理论和现实意义。 论文正文的第一部分总结了拿破仑的法律思想,主要包括立法为治国之根本的法律思想、人才为法治之灵魂的法律思想、“法律就是需要”的实用主义法律思想以及拿破仑关于宗教的思想。这些法律思想都是贯穿在拿破仑治国理念中的指导思想,通过对他的文选、书信、日记进行梳理,并结合他法治工作实践,提炼出他的法律思想,以期能对我国的法治实践产生现实的借鉴意义。 第二部分论述了拿破仑法治实践产生的历史背景,分别从拿破仑生平、资产阶级革命、资本主义生产关系的建立、法国分散的法律体系和自然法学及启蒙运动的思想五个大方面阐述其法治实践产生的历史背景,重点剖析资产阶级革命的时代背景和自然法思想、启蒙思想对拿破仑的影响,以期发现拿破仑法律思想和法治实践产生的根源。 第三部分介绍了拿破仑的法治实践。拿破仑重视立法工作,上台后就在宪法和民法领域实施立法,并相继颁布实施了多部法典,最重要的就是拿破仑在宪政领域实施法治改革,分配立法、行政、司法权力;《法国民法典》的颁布实施;实施司法改革,规定法官终身制,确保司法独立性;在经济、书报检查等方面实施法治实践。拿破仑实施的一系列法治实践,促进了法国法治的近代化进程,书写了世界法制史上重要的一页。 第四部分评价拿破仑法律思想与法治实践产生的影响和借鉴意义。拿破仑统一了法国的法律体系,开创了大陆法系新纪元,建立了资本主义法治的新模式,在法国乃至世界法制史上具有重要历史地位,这对我国当下法治社会的构建和权力制约机制具有借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Napol on Bonaparte was a great French politician and military strategist at the end of the 18th century. He took an active part in the bourgeois revolution in his early years and ruled France for fifteen years from 1799. Napoleon established a systematic legal system in France and led the formulation and implementation of the French Civil Code, the French Commercial Code and the French Criminal Code. Napoleon advocated the rule of law, advocated the practicality and popularization of law, and thus made a positive contribution to popularizing the people's legal consciousness; he brought religion into the country; and he brought religion into the country. The legal system has played an excellent role in the education and spiritual rule of religion under state rule, and promoted national unity and integration; he has actively carried out administrative reforms, simplified legislative procedures, streamlined administrative organs, and greatly reduced the government's administrative system; he has reformed the tax system, implemented the mainland economic blockade system, and implemented the inspection of books and newspapers In recent years, the study of Napoleon's jurisprudence has gradually infiltrated into all fields of law from the limitations of the civil code. From the perspective of legal history, it is of great practical significance to explore Napoleon's legal thought and practice in order to construct a society ruled by law and promote national unity. Combining historical analysis with empirical analysis, this paper discusses the causes of Napoleon's legal thought, the measures of legal practice and the achievements of legal practice, hoping to draw a positive reference for the construction of our country under the rule of law.
On the premise of systematic analysis of Napoleon's related letters and documents, this paper focuses on the following parts:
The introduction introduces the achievements of Napoleon's rule of law practice, the research status in related fields, the theoretical and practical significance of the study.
The first part of the thesis summarizes Napoleon's legal thought, which mainly includes the legal thought that legislation is the basis of ruling the country, the legal thought that talent is the soul of ruling the country by law, the pragmatism legal thought that law is the need and Napoleon's religious thought. The guiding ideology, combing through his literary anthology, letters and diaries, and combining with his work practice of rule of law, refines his legal thought, in order to have practical reference significance to our country's practice of rule of law.
The second part expounds the historical background of Napoleon's practice of rule of law from five aspects: Napoleon's life, bourgeois revolution, the establishment of capitalist relations of production, France's decentralized legal system, natural law and the thought of the Enlightenment Movement, and focuses on the analysis of bourgeois revolution. The background of the times, the thought of natural law and the thought of enlightenment influenced Napoleon in order to find out the origin of Napoleon's thought of law and the practice of rule of law.
The third part introduces Napoleon's practice of the rule of law.Napoleon attached importance to the legislative work.After he came to power,he carried out legislation in the field of constitution and civil law,and promulgated and implemented many codes successively.The most important thing is that Napoleon carried out the reform of the rule of law in the field of constitutionalism,allocated legislative,administrative and judicial powers. Napoleon carried out a series of legal practices, which promoted the modernization of French rule of law and wrote an important page in the history of world legal system.
The fourth part evaluates the influence and significance of Napoleon's legal thought and practice of the rule of law.Napoleon unified the French legal system, created a new era of the continental legal system, established a new model of the rule of law by capitalism, and had an important historical position in the history of the legal system in France and even in the world. Force control mechanism has reference significance.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D956.5;D909.565
本文编号：2185871
[Abstract]:Napol on Bonaparte was a great French politician and military strategist at the end of the 18th century. He took an active part in the bourgeois revolution in his early years and ruled France for fifteen years from 1799. Napoleon established a systematic legal system in France and led the formulation and implementation of the French Civil Code, the French Commercial Code and the French Criminal Code. Napoleon advocated the rule of law, advocated the practicality and popularization of law, and thus made a positive contribution to popularizing the people's legal consciousness; he brought religion into the country; and he brought religion into the country. The legal system has played an excellent role in the education and spiritual rule of religion under state rule, and promoted national unity and integration; he has actively carried out administrative reforms, simplified legislative procedures, streamlined administrative organs, and greatly reduced the government's administrative system; he has reformed the tax system, implemented the mainland economic blockade system, and implemented the inspection of books and newspapers In recent years, the study of Napoleon's jurisprudence has gradually infiltrated into all fields of law from the limitations of the civil code. From the perspective of legal history, it is of great practical significance to explore Napoleon's legal thought and practice in order to construct a society ruled by law and promote national unity. Combining historical analysis with empirical analysis, this paper discusses the causes of Napoleon's legal thought, the measures of legal practice and the achievements of legal practice, hoping to draw a positive reference for the construction of our country under the rule of law.
On the premise of systematic analysis of Napoleon's related letters and documents, this paper focuses on the following parts:
The introduction introduces the achievements of Napoleon's rule of law practice, the research status in related fields, the theoretical and practical significance of the study.
The first part of the thesis summarizes Napoleon's legal thought, which mainly includes the legal thought that legislation is the basis of ruling the country, the legal thought that talent is the soul of ruling the country by law, the pragmatism legal thought that law is the need and Napoleon's religious thought. The guiding ideology, combing through his literary anthology, letters and diaries, and combining with his work practice of rule of law, refines his legal thought, in order to have practical reference significance to our country's practice of rule of law.
The second part expounds the historical background of Napoleon's practice of rule of law from five aspects: Napoleon's life, bourgeois revolution, the establishment of capitalist relations of production, France's decentralized legal system, natural law and the thought of the Enlightenment Movement, and focuses on the analysis of bourgeois revolution. The background of the times, the thought of natural law and the thought of enlightenment influenced Napoleon in order to find out the origin of Napoleon's thought of law and the practice of rule of law.
The third part introduces Napoleon's practice of the rule of law.Napoleon attached importance to the legislative work.After he came to power,he carried out legislation in the field of constitution and civil law,and promulgated and implemented many codes successively.The most important thing is that Napoleon carried out the reform of the rule of law in the field of constitutionalism,allocated legislative,administrative and judicial powers. Napoleon carried out a series of legal practices, which promoted the modernization of French rule of law and wrote an important page in the history of world legal system.
The fourth part evaluates the influence and significance of Napoleon's legal thought and practice of the rule of law.Napoleon unified the French legal system, created a new era of the continental legal system, established a new model of the rule of law by capitalism, and had an important historical position in the history of the legal system in France and even in the world. Force control mechanism has reference significance.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D956.5;D909.565
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