福利性财政支出对城乡收入差距的影响研究

发布时间：2018-10-11 18:33

【摘要】：我国经济社会发展迅速,人民群众的生活水平也有了质的飞跃,可是收入差距却在经济增长过程中持续扩大。城乡收入差距扩大不但影响共同富裕目标的实现,而且不符合当前“共享发展”理念的要求,所以研究城乡收入差距扩大的成因并提出有效政策建议具有十分重要的理论和实践意义。文章基于福利角度,重点关注政府财政支出中福利性财政支出部分,通过横向区域层面和纵向时间层面来系统研究其对城乡收入差距的作用机制和影响大小。将规范分析和实证分析相结合,定量把握福利性财政支出结构,进一步了解和分析城乡收入差距扩大的原因及其变动趋势,并在此基础上提出有效合理的政策建议,具体来看:首先,文章从城乡收入差距形成的原因、福利性财政支出与城乡收入差距两个方面综合梳理了国内外现有相关文献,提出可能的创新点,并为文章后续的分析提供理论支持。其次,在基于厘清城乡福利性财政支出结构的基础上,文章从理论上具体分析了福利性财政教育、医疗、社会保障和支农支出四个方面对我国城乡收入差距的作用机制,试图从理论上弥补现有研究重视实证研究轻视系统理论分析的缺陷。再次,在规范分析的基础上,文章对比分析选取了合适指标,并建立了静态面板数据模型及动态面板数据模型,重点从纵、横两个层面进行分析。在横向区域差异的研究中我们选取固定效应和随机效应模型,在纵向时间差异的研究中我们将样本区间进行分时段处理,运用动态GMM(DIF-GMM和SYS-GMM)方法考察了不同时间段福利性财政支出对城乡收入差距的影响。研究结果表明:我国财政福利性支出不仅在时间上,而且在东中西部三大地区,均对城乡收入差距的影响表现出很大的差异性。第一,财政教育支出增加会显著缩小城乡收入差距,社会保障支出增加对城乡收入差距有显著扩大作用,医疗和财政支农支出随着时间和区域的不同对城乡收入差距的影响各有正负作用;第二,教育和社会保障两项福利性财政支出占比均在纵横两个层面对城乡收入差距的影响更大,医疗支出次之,财政支农支出最小。最后,基于规范分析和实证研究的结果,文章提出能够有效控制城乡收入差距的政策建议:第一,政府应该倾向于提高教育财政支出总体水平;优化财政教育支出结构,尤其是农村地区;第二,平衡城乡之间的社会保障支出比重,建立更加公平可持续的社会保障体系。第三,从地区效应分析的结果来看政府应该提高对农村居民的医疗和支农支出水平的重视。
[Abstract]:China's economic and social development is rapid, the people's living standard has also made a qualitative leap, but the income gap in the process of economic growth continues to expand. The widening of the urban-rural income gap not only affects the realization of the goal of common prosperity, but also does not meet the requirements of the current concept of "shared development". Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the causes of the widening urban-rural income gap and put forward effective policy recommendations. Based on the welfare perspective, this paper focuses on the welfare part of the government expenditure, and systematically studies its mechanism and influence on the urban-rural income gap through the horizontal regional level and the vertical time level. Combining normative analysis with empirical analysis, this paper quantitatively grasps the structure of welfare financial expenditure, further understanding and analyzing the reasons and changing trend of the widening income gap between urban and rural areas, and puts forward effective and reasonable policy recommendations on this basis. First of all, from the reasons of the formation of urban-rural income gap, welfare financial expenditure and urban-rural income gap, the article comprehensively combed the existing domestic and foreign relevant literature, and put forward the possible innovation points. And to provide theoretical support for the subsequent analysis of the article. Secondly, on the basis of clarifying the structure of urban and rural welfare financial expenditure, the paper theoretically analyzes the mechanism of the four aspects of welfare financial education, medical treatment, social security and agricultural expenditure on the income gap between urban and rural areas in China. This paper attempts to make up for the deficiency of the existing researches which attach importance to empirical research and belittle the systematic theoretical analysis. Thirdly, on the basis of normative analysis, this paper compares and selects suitable indicators, and establishes static panel data model and dynamic panel data model, focusing on vertical and horizontal analysis. In the study of lateral regional differences, we select the fixed effect and random effect models, and in the longitudinal time difference study, we deal with the sample interval in time. The dynamic GMM (DIF-GMM and SYS-GMM) method is used to investigate the effect of welfare fiscal expenditure on the income gap between urban and rural areas in different time periods. The results show that: the financial welfare expenditure in China not only in time, but also in the east, west and west of the three major areas, the impact on the urban-rural income gap shows a great difference. First, the increase in fiscal expenditure on education will significantly narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, and the increase in social security expenditure will play a significant role in widening the income gap between urban and rural areas. Health care and financial expenditure for agriculture have positive and negative effects on the income gap between urban and rural areas over time and region. Second, The proportion of education and social security two welfare financial expenditure are both in the vertical and horizontal levels of the urban-rural income gap is greater the second is medical expenditure fiscal expenditure for agriculture is the smallest. Finally, based on the results of normative analysis and empirical research, the paper puts forward some policy recommendations that can effectively control the income gap between urban and rural areas. First, the government should tend to improve the overall level of educational expenditure, optimize the structure of fiscal expenditure on education. Second, balancing the proportion of social security expenditure between urban and rural areas and establishing a more equitable and sustainable social security system. Thirdly, the government should pay more attention to the level of medical treatment and support for agriculture.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F124.7;F812.45

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