修昔底德撰史特点新探

发布时间：2018-12-16 22:31

【摘要】：古希腊是为数不多的有着历史撰述传统的古代文明地区。希罗多德的历史撰述方法叫做ιστορια,而修昔底德的历史撰述方法则称为συγγραφω。两者本来是有所不同的,可是近代以来,学者却用history一个英文词来翻译这两个希腊词,结果,造成这两种撰史方法的差异日渐模糊。按希罗多德的ιστορια方法,在撰写史书时,是先叙事,后析因,即先把他的ιστορια成果,也就是波斯战争的事实展示出来,然后再把战争的原因分析清楚。亚里士多德认为:这才是切合自然的考察方法,符合知识生成的法则。而修昔底德的συγγραφω方法则集选题、叙事、述因、致用于一体。特别是συγγραφω采用先述因后叙事的写作方法,与希罗多德的ιστορια有着明显的不同。亚里士多德在《诗学》中,只评论了希罗多德的《波斯战争》,而没有介绍修昔底德的作品,这不能不说是一个遗憾。如今,重新探析修昔底德συγγραφω的撰史特点,对于理解古代希腊史学的多元性,重新梳理希腊史学的发展脉络,具有重要的学术价值和理论意义。
[Abstract]:Ancient Greece is one of the few ancient civilizations with a tradition of historical writing. Herodotus's historical method is called l 蟽蟿 o 蟻 l 伪, while Thucydides' method is called 蟽 v 纬蟻伪蠁蠅. The two are different, but since modern times, scholars have used history to translate the two Greek words. As a result, the differences between the two methods of writing history have become increasingly blurred. According to Herodotus' method, when writing history books, the author first narrates, then analyzes the cause, that is to say, he first presents his work, namely, the fact of the Persian War, and then analyzes the cause of the war. Aristotle believes that this is the natural method of investigation, in accordance with the law of knowledge generation. Thucydide's 蟽 v 纬蟻伪蠁蠅 method is used to select topics, narrate and explain reasons. In particular, the writing method of 蟽 v 纬蟻伪蠁蠅 is very different from that of Herodotus'l 蟽蟿 o 蟻伪. It is a pity that Aristotle comments on Herodotus's War of Persia without introducing Thucydides in Poetics. Now, it is of great academic value and theoretical significance to analyze anew the writing history characteristics of Thucydide 蟽 v 纬蟻伪蠁蠅 for understanding the pluralism of ancient Greek historiography and rearranging the development of Greek historiography.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学历史学院史学理论与史学史研究中心;
【分类号】：K091

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