论尼克松时期美国对日本政策的调整

发布时间：2018-04-03 23:01

本文选题：尼克松　切入点：对日政策　出处：《郑州大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：二战后根据美日自身利益的需要建立起的美日同盟已成为目前世界上最重要的双边关系之一。20世纪60年代国际格局发生变化,美国对日本政策随之进行战略性调整。这不但对美日两国的内外政策产生了一定的影响,还改变了亚太地区的局势、国际关系格局以及中国的对外战略选择。 20世纪60年代国际政治已呈现多元化趋势,美国陷入越战实力相对下降,不得不承认自身力量的限度。为了缓解国内外面临的紧张局势,美国施行战略收缩,希望日本代替美国在东亚地区发挥更大的作用。冷战格局下,日本依靠日美基轴获得了特殊的利益和发展机遇,短短的20多年的时间完成了从战败国到成为世界瞩目的经济大国的角色嬗变。随着经济的迅速崛起,日本要求独立自主,与美国平起平坐的呼声越来越强。为了保持美国在亚洲太平洋地区的权力与作用,更好的令日本分担责任,尼克松上台后通过“归还冲绳”,两次“越顶外交”对日本实施“胡萝卜加大棒”的外交政策调整。美国重新调整对日政策为70年代美日关系定下了基调,拉开了美日两国关系的新篇章。美国对日政策的调整有效的缓和了日美日双方在经济、政治领域所存在的矛盾。自此,两国之间从战后从属支配、依附与被依附的关系向平等伙伴与相互协调、相互依赖的关系过渡。尼克松对日政策的调整适应了国际形势的变化,是一种现实主义举措,促进了亚洲各国紧张局势的缓和。同时“尼克松冲击”增强了日本朝野要求改善中日关系的动力,为中日邦交正常化提供了一个好契机,中日两国顺利修好。
[Abstract]:After World War II, the US-Japan alliance established according to the self-interest of the United States and Japan has become one of the most important bilateral relations in the world at present.This not only has a certain impact on the domestic and foreign policies of the United States and Japan, but also changes the situation in the Asia-Pacific region, the pattern of international relations and China's foreign strategic choice.In the 1960s, the international politics had a pluralistic trend, and the United States fell into the Vietnam War and had to admit the limits of its own strength.In order to ease the tension at home and abroad, the United States implements a strategic contraction, hoping that Japan will replace the United States in playing a greater role in East Asia.In the cold war, Japan gained special benefits and development opportunities on the basis of Japan and the United States, and in a short period of more than 20 years completed the evolution of its role from a defeated country to an economic power that attracted worldwide attention.With the rapid rise of the economy, Japan's demand for independence and equality with the United States is growing louder.In order to maintain the power and role of the United States in Asia and the Pacific, and to make Japan share the responsibility better, Nixon adopted the "return of Okinawa" after taking office, and twice implemented the foreign policy adjustment of "carrot and stick" to Japan by "overtopping diplomacy".The readjustment of U.S. policy toward Japan set the tone for the 1970s and opened a new chapter in the relationship between the United States and Japan.The adjustment of American policy to Japan effectively alleviates the contradictions between Japan and Japan in economic and political fields.Since then, there has been a transition from a post-war relationship of subordination, attachment and attachment to a relationship of equal partnership and mutual coordination and interdependence.Nixon's policy adjustment to Japan adapted to the changes in the international situation and was a realistic move, which promoted the relaxation of tension in Asian countries.At the same time, the "Nixon shock" strengthened the power of the Japanese government and opposition to improve the Sino-Japanese relations, and provided a good opportunity for the normalization of Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2

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