欧洲难民危机与欧盟政治一体化发展研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 18:37

本文选题：欧盟 + 政治一体化　；参考：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：欧盟是当今国际社会一体化发展程度最高的区域组织,但在全球化的影响下,欧盟国家逐步意识到仅凭经济的联合已难以应对全球化的风险与挑战,欧盟必须寻求政治的联合。这样,欧盟政治一体化的发展不仅加快了欧洲一体化的进程,而且,也使得欧盟成为国际舞台上一支不可忽视的力量。但欧盟政治一体化的发展是一个复杂而又曲折的过程,一个重要条约的签订往往需要多年的艰苦谈判。在政治进程缓慢,内部矛盾丛生的背景下,2015年欧洲难民危机爆发,为本就艰难的欧盟政治一体化蒙上了阴影。在本次难民危机中,由于叙利亚、也门冲突的进一步扩大、恐怖主义势力崛起等因素,导致难民在短时间内大量聚集;又因为地缘相邻、难民政策相对宽松,所以欧盟国家首当其冲成为了难民避难的目的地。本次难民危机给欧盟的经济和社会造成了沉重的负担,加剧了潜在的安全风险。随着欧盟在政治一体化进程中的固有矛盾被激化,导致欧盟各国政策缺乏协调,欧洲难民危机在短期内难以从根本上得到解决,这加剧了民众的不满,使得疑欧主义、极右势力趁势崛起,大大加深了欧盟政治一体化的不确定性。本文主要包括三个部分:一、欧盟政治一体化发展的固有矛盾。该部分对欧盟政治一体化进程中的固有矛盾进行了回顾,并指出这些矛盾贯穿欧盟发展的始终,为接下来难民危机对这些固有矛盾的激化埋下了隐患。二、举步维艰的政治一体化背景下的难民危机。在欧盟政治一体化发展如此缓慢,甚至原地踏步之时,史无前例的难民危机在此时爆发。本次欧洲难民危机不同于历史上的任何一次难民危机,有其自身的特点。该部分在政治一体化背景下重点分析了难民危机规模大,流向集中,来源地单一等特点,并指出这些特点所产生的潜在风险给欧盟政治一体化的发展造成了冲击。三、欧洲难民危机对欧盟政治一体化的影响。面对来势汹汹的难民危机,欧盟内部国家的分化、精英与民众的对立、穆斯林与欧盟民众的冲突接踵而至。该部分指出难民危机对欧盟政治一体化的影响。欧盟难民危机加剧了欧盟民主机制的困境,欧盟的共同认同和价值观受到巨大冲击,使其在国际上的影响力不断下滑,此外疑欧主义和极右势力异军突起,一些重要国家比如英国宣布脱离欧盟,欧盟政治一体化正在面临着前所未有的危机。
[Abstract]:The European Union is a regional organization with the highest degree of international social integration. However, under the influence of globalization, European Union countries gradually realize that it is difficult to cope with the risks and challenges of globalization by economic union alone, and the EU must seek political union. In this way, the development of EU political integration not only speeds up the process of European integration, but also makes the EU a force that can not be ignored on the international stage. However, the development of EU political integration is a complicated and tortuous process, and the signing of an important treaty often requires years of hard negotiation. Against the backdrop of slow political progress and internal contradictions, the European refugee crisis broke out in 2015, casting a shadow over the already difficult political integration of the European Union. In this refugee crisis, due to the further expansion of the conflict in Syria and Yemen, the rise of terrorist forces, and other factors, which led to a large number of refugees gathering in a short period of time; and because of its geographical proximity, the refugee policy was relatively loose. So the EU countries are the first to take refuge as refugees. The refugee crisis has placed a heavy burden on the European Union's economy and society, exacerbating potential security risks. With the intensification of the inherent contradictions in the process of political integration of the European Union, which leads to a lack of coordination among EU countries' policies, the European refugee crisis is difficult to be fundamentally resolved in the short term. This exacerbates public discontent and makes Euroscepticism. The rise of far-right forces has greatly deepened the uncertainty of EU political integration. This article mainly includes three parts: first, the inherent contradiction of the development of EU political integration. This part reviews the inherent contradictions in the process of political integration of the European Union, and points out that these contradictions run through the development of the European Union all the time, thus laying a hidden danger for the subsequent intensification of these inherent contradictions by the refugee crisis. Second, the refugee crisis in the context of difficult political integration. At a time when EU political integration is so slow, or even standing still, an unprecedented refugee crisis erupts. The European refugee crisis is different from any refugee crisis in history and has its own characteristics. Under the background of political integration, this part focuses on the characteristics of large scale of refugee crisis, concentrated flow direction and single source, and points out that the potential risks caused by these characteristics have impacted the development of political integration in EU. Third, the impact of the European refugee crisis on the political integration of the EU. In the face of a fierce refugee crisis, divisions within the EU, confrontation between elites and citizens, and clashes between Muslims and EU citizens ensued. This part points out the impact of the refugee crisis on the political integration of the EU. The refugee crisis in the EU has exacerbated the plight of the democratic institutions of the EU. The common identity and values of the EU have been greatly impacted, resulting in a continuous decline in its influence in the international arena. In addition, Euroscepticism and far-right forces have suddenly emerged. Some major countries, such as Britain, are facing an unprecedented crisis of political integration.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D814.1;D815.6

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