我国南海无居民海岛行政建制的研究

发布时间：2018-07-31 17:34

【摘要】：我国是海洋大国，拥有丰富的岛屿资源，这些资源成为我国海洋开发的重要依托。随着国际上海权意识的增强，海岛尤其是无居民海岛成为世界各个国家关注的焦点，发展海岛经济、保护海岛生态、加强海岛管理已经成为沿海各国的重要发展战略，而我国对于海岛的发展与开发也从关注转为重视，海岛经济的发展成为影响我国海洋经济发展的重要因素。南海诸岛是我国海洋国土的重要组成部分，是我国海洋权益的重要体现，其地理位置及特殊性使其具有重大的经济、权益、战略、及生态价值，对于我国海洋经济和社会的可持续发展具有深远的意义。然而，我国南海海岛尤其是无居民海岛却面临着管理秩序混乱，海洋权益薄弱，受侵害现象严重等严峻的形势，在这种情况下，讨论南海海岛的经济发展与资源开发显然是不现实的。我国对于海岛尤其是南海诸岛，首要任务是维护主权及加强管理，增强对海岛的事实占有，在实际控制的情况下才能实现海岛资源的开发与利用。目前，南海争端不断升温，周边国家对于南海诸岛主权的争夺日益激烈，总共五国六方围绕南海海域互不妥协，各自划定海域边界，可以说是矛盾重重。在历史上对南海海域拥有绝对主权的我国现在却成为五国之一（其中的一方是指我国的台湾），甚至在南沙群岛只实际控制了少部分的岛礁，其他大部被他国占有，南海主权权益受到严重的侵害。为了阻止我国对南海诸岛主权的收回，南海的周边国家，故意将南海争端复杂化与国际化，用其他强国作为挡箭牌，企图束缚我国涉足南海的脚步，其中表现最明显的是越南。越南就目前来说可以说是南海争端中最大的受益者，在我国南沙群岛40多个被占岛礁中其独占多达30个，也就是说大部分是被越南占领的，并在所占海岛周围海域开采石油天然气，每年开采的石油产量近2000万吨，天然气70亿立方米左右，出口创汇上百亿美元，油气行业一举成为越南的支柱产业，给越南带来巨大的经济利益，对越南这样一个经济落后的国家来说，南海的油气资源对其有巨大的利用价值，这也是越南加紧侵占我国南海海岛的出发点。越南自上世纪70年代就开始侵占我国南海海岛，其蚕食我国海岛主权的行为一直持续至今，如今更是对我国无居民海岛加紧了侵犯和控制，不仅大肆开发南海海洋资源，而且不断、有计划、有步骤地向我国南海无居民海岛迁置“居民”，甚至进行“居民选举”，建立海岛地方“政权”，从肆意侵略走向实际控制。此举对我国无人岛的管理战略和策略形成了严峻的挑战，越南也是在南海海域对我国主权声明反响最强烈的国家，是我国在南海最大的竞争对手。虽然我们对越南的种种行为表示强烈的谴责与抗议，然而我们要尊重和重视对手，越南制定的海洋政策和实施的战略步骤都值得我们学习与借鉴，尤其是越南海洋战略的制定和对南沙群岛行政建制的实施，海洋战略的制定使得越南在南海争端中处处占得先机，一直处于主动的地位，而行政建制的实施使得越南加强了对海岛的管理，加快了其开发海岛资源的脚步。而我国也正是因为欠缺这两个方面，才在南海局势中一直处于被动的局面。本文对我国南海无居民海岛的行政建制进行研究，一方面宣示我国对南海的主权，另一方面可以强化对南海诸岛的行政管理，制定有效的海岛政策。对于南海无居民海岛而言，无居民海岛的含义严格说来就是无人岛，行政建制的实施可以无人岛渐渐成为有人岛或者有人为痕迹的岛屿，而这些居民或者人类活动将成为宣示我国主权的依据、事实占有的证据。因此我国，，对南海诸岛进行行政建制与行政区划势在必行。
[Abstract]:China is a big ocean country with abundant island resources. These resources have become an important support for China's marine development. With the enhancement of international Shanghai's awareness of rights, the island, especially the uninhabited island, has become the focus of all countries in the world. It is important to develop the island economy, protect the island's life and strengthen the island management. The development and development of the island is also paid attention to. The development of the island economy has become an important factor affecting the development of China's marine economy. The South China Sea Island is an important part of China's marine land. It is an important embodiment of China's maritime rights and interests, and its geographical position and particularity make it an important economy. The rights, strategies, and ecological values have far-reaching significance for the sustainable development of our country's marine economy and society. However, the South China Sea Island, especially the uninhabited island, is confronted with a serious situation in which the management order is chaotic, the maritime rights and interests are weak, and the violation is serious. In this case, the economic development of the South China Sea Island is discussed and the economic development of the South China Sea Island is discussed. The development of resources is obviously unrealistic. For the island, especially the South China Sea Islands, the primary task is to maintain sovereignty and strengthen management, strengthen the fact possession of the island, and realize the exploitation and utilization of the island resources under the circumstances of actual control.
At present, the dispute over the South China Sea has been warming up, and the surrounding countries are increasingly contending for the sovereignty of the South China Sea Islands. In all, the six parties in the South China Sea are not compromising each other around the South China Sea. Taiwan), even in the Spratly Islands, only a small number of reefs were actually controlled, the other large parts were occupied by other countries, and the sovereignty rights of the South China Sea were seriously infringed. In order to prevent the recovery of China's sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands, the surrounding countries of the South China Sea have deliberately complicated and internationalized the dispute over the South China Sea, and tried to bind me with other powers as a shield. The country's footsteps in the South China Sea are most evident in Vietnam. Vietnam is now the biggest beneficiary of the South China Sea dispute. It occupies as many as 30 of the more than 40 Spratly Islands reefs in our country, that is, most of them are occupied by Vietnam, and exploitation of oil and natural gas around the islands around the island. There are nearly 20 million tons of oil production, about 7 billion cubic meters of natural gas and $100 billion in foreign exchange export. The oil and gas industry is one of the pillar industries in Vietnam, which brings great economic benefits to Vietnam. For a backward country such as Vietnam, the oil and gas resources in the South China Sea have great use value, which is also the tightened occupation of Vietnam. The starting point of the South China Sea Island.
Vietnam invaded the South China Sea Island since the 70s of last century, and its act of encroaching the sovereignty of the island has been continued until now. Now, it has intensified the invasion and control of the uninhabited island of our country, not only developing the sea resources of the South China Sea, but also constantly and planning to move the "residents" to the uninhabited island of the South China Sea. Even "the election of residents", the establishment of the island local "political power", from the wanton aggression to the actual control. This has formed a severe challenge to the management strategy and strategy of the unmanned island in China. Vietnam is also the country with the strongest response to China's sovereignty statement in the South China Sea. It is our country's largest competitor in the South China Sea. Vietnam's actions are strongly condemned and protested. However, we should respect and attach importance to our opponents. The marine policies and strategic steps made by Vietnam are worthy of our study and reference, especially the formulation of the Vietnamese marine strategy and the implementation of the administrative system of the Spratly Islands. The formulation of the marine strategy makes Vietnam in the South China Sea dispute. The implementation of the administrative system has made Vietnam strengthen the management of the island and speeded up its development of the island resources. China is still in a passive situation in the South China Sea because of the lack of these two aspects. This article is the administrative system of the uninhabited island in the South China Sea. On the one hand, it shows our sovereignty over the South China Sea. On the other hand, it can strengthen the administration of the islands in the South China Sea and make an effective Island policy. For the uninhabited island of the South China Sea, the meaning of the uninhabited island is strictly said to be the unmanned Island. The implementation of the administrative system can gradually become a human island or a human scar. It is imperative for our country to carry out administrative system and administrative division of the islands in the South China Sea, because the residents or human activities will be the basis for the declaration of our sovereignty and the evidence of the fact.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D632.9;D823;P7

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