中美两国传统文化对其外交的影响

发布时间：2018-04-01 13:23

本文选题：传统文化　切入点：观念　出处：《外交学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：政治现代化的研究过程中,越来越多的学者开始关注传统文化对国家行为体的政治价值观念的塑造作用和对其世界信念的意图性指导作用。将国家做人格化的处理,传统文化对国家外交的影响主要体现在各个国家行为体对自身、对他者和对世界的认识和理解上,在国家的外交决策和外交行为中,同时包含了对自我利益的考量、对他者关系的处理和对世界秩序的认识,因此从文化的角度分析一个国家的外交决策和外交行为的出发点和落脚点是有意义的。中国与美国是当今世界最有影响力的两个大国,短期内,中美两国的权力结构也许不会改变,但在国际局势风云变幻的大背景下,文化作为一个相较于政治、经济、军事等更为稳定的影响因素,对于两国外交的影响必然是更为持续和深刻的。中美两国的传统文化由于在形成上分别体现出绵延和扩张的特点,在发展中分别表现出内向和外向的特征,使得两国传统文化最终在其自我观、他者观和世界观上有明显差异:在“义”“和”“天下”的传统文化理念的影响下,中国文化习惯将自身视为环境的一部分,重视与他者的联系和互动,寻求自我发展与环境发展的和谐;而在民族特性和宗教精神的影响下,美国文化则强调将自我的发展凌驾于环境的发展之上,划分“我者”与“他者”的界线,追求自身在环境中的主导地位。在文化的视角下,中美两国的外交表现出了明显的不同:在对自我利益的追求上,中国外交目标的实现和外交行为的开展都须在确保国家利益的前提下最大限度地维护道义原则;而美国外交目的以自我利益的实现为最高指向,在自我利益最大化的基础上衡量他者和世界的利益。在对他国关系的处理上,中国外交强调自我与他者的整体和谐,寻求与不同国家在不同层次上的合作;而美国在与他国的对外交往中既强调自身的例外和孤立,又不断向外输出美国价值观和政治制度。在对全球体系的理解上,中国倡导环境中的个体共同维护世界体系的稳定和协调;而美国强调自己在现行体系中的主导作用,并通过加深对体系中不安定因素的遏制来维持自身的绝对领导地位。
[Abstract]:In the research process of political modernization, more and more scholars begin to pay attention to the role of traditional culture in shaping the political values of national actors and in guiding their world beliefs.To personalize the state, the influence of traditional culture on national diplomacy is mainly reflected in the understanding and understanding of the actors of each country to themselves, to others and to the world, and in the diplomatic decision-making and behavior of the state.At the same time, it includes the consideration of self-interest, the handling of the relationship between others and the understanding of the world order, so it is meaningful to analyze the starting point and the end of a country's diplomatic decision-making and behavior from the perspective of culture.China and the United States are the two most influential powers in the world today. In the short term, the power structure of China and the United States may not change. But against the background of the changing international situation, culture as a comparison to politics, economy,More stable factors, such as the military, will inevitably have a more lasting and profound impact on the diplomacy of the two countries.The traditional culture of China and the United States shows the characteristics of continuity and expansion in formation, and introversion and extroversion in development, which makes the traditional culture of China and the United States end up in their self-view.Under the influence of the traditional cultural ideas of "meaning" and "the world", Chinese cultural habits regard themselves as part of the environment and attach importance to the connection and interaction with others.Under the influence of national identity and religious spirit, American culture emphasizes putting the development of self above the development of environment and dividing the boundary between the "self" and "other".Pursue your own dominant position in the environment.From a cultural perspective, the diplomacy of China and the United States shows obvious differences: in the pursuit of self-interest,The realization of China's diplomatic goals and the development of diplomatic acts must safeguard the moral principle to the maximum extent on the premise of ensuring the national interests, while the United States' diplomatic purposes are directed at the realization of self-interest.Measure the interests of the other and the world on the basis of maximization of self-interest.In dealing with other countries' relations, China's diplomacy emphasizes the overall harmony between itself and the other, and seeks cooperation with different countries at different levels, while the United States emphasizes its own exceptions and isolation in its foreign relations with other countries.And continue to export American values and political systems.In understanding the global system, China advocates that individuals in the environment work together to maintain the stability and coordination of the world system, while the United States stresses its leading role in the current system.And to maintain their absolute leadership by deepening the containment of instability in the system.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D822.3;D871.2;G112

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