红色旅游资源文化遗产价值评估

发布时间：2018-05-02 01:01

本文选题：红色旅游文化遗产 + 价值评估　；参考：《西南财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：文化遗产体现着一个民族独特的思维方式和文化价值,是民族的根基,是历史的纪念碑。历史文化遗产既属于一个国家、一个民族,也是全人类的共同财富。人们对文化遗产价值的认识是随着社会进步而不断发展和深入的。《中华人民共和国文物保护法》强调文化遗产的三大价值,即历史、科学与艺术价值。任何一个文化遗产的价值都是多方面的,但是不同社会群体往往只关心或看到其价值的不同侧面。在整个亚太地区,我国文化遗产的拥有量是排在第一位的,但是,我国对文化遗产经济价值的重视和研究近几年才起步。而在实践过程中,那种将遗产的文化价值和经济价值对立的习惯性思维仍占优势,即使是认识到了遗产潜在的经济效益,但对于如何有效地维护和发挥这种效益,寻求最佳途径仍很模糊,导致了以毁坏文化遗产为代价的旅游开发和倡导破坏文化遗产原真性的“伪文化”等短期经济行为。因此,应克服价值认识上的狭隘性,并在评估中予以充分的体现,以便决策和管理者能够照顾到文化遗产的整体价值。此外,文化遗产的价值会随着社会发展、人们认识水平的提高,而有一个不断丰富的呈现过程。它是动态的、发展的和不断积累的。未来的人们会有更多更好的办法了解到关于同一个文化遗产的更多信息和价值。这也是为什么应当把文化遗产尽可能完整地传诸子孙后代的原因。文化遗产是指人类发展历史过程中所遗存下来的那些从历史的、艺术的或者科学的角度看极具特色,并且具有突出普遍价值的人工或者天然形成的历史文物、历史建筑或者人类文化遗址等。文化遗产可以分为物质文化遗产和非物质文化遗产。物质文化遗产也称有形文化遗产,又可以分为可移动的文化遗产和不可移动的文化遗产,包括了古建筑、壁画、极具代表性的建筑、历史上重要的书籍、艺术品等以及具有历史意义和突出价值的历史文化古城。非物质文化遗产主要包括：传统的手工艺、表演艺术与技能、社会实践以及相关的工具、工艺品和文化场所等。从文化遗产的定义可知,具有历史价值、艺术价值和科技价值的红色旅游资源是文化遗产的一种形式。文化遗产是前人所创造的一切具有优秀文化的各类信息,与红色旅游资源这种文化遗产相类似是红色文化遗产。但是红色文化遗产并不等同于红色旅游资源,它的范围小于红色旅游资源,比如一些私人珍藏的红色文化遗产就不能成为旅游资源。因此,本文所研究范围是红色旅游资源的文化遗产价值。历史文化遗产有一个重要的特征即文化的多样性,它是不同种族的人群利用不同的表达方式对自己文化的一种演绎。从精细绝伦工艺品到气势恢宏的建筑物,从令人沉醉的诗歌文化到巧夺天工的手工技术,林林总总。从上述关于价值观和价值论的分析中可以看出,红色旅游资源是历史文化遗产的一种,它具有文化遗产的所属的特性,它具有价值。对于红色旅游资源文化遗产来说,它具有文化遗产所具备的一般属性,所以它一定具有历史价值,文化艺术价值和科技价值。但同时,红色旅游资源也具有自身的独特性,它具有强烈的政治性、教育性和历史继承性,是一种不可再生的资源。红色旅游资源文化遗产具有价值,对其合理的开发利用应该以正确认识其价值为基础。但是,目前并没有专门的统一性的红色旅游资源价值的评估方法,但是可以借鉴环境资源价值的评估方法,灵活地运用与红色旅游资源的评价当中。环境资源价值的评估方法包括常规市场法、替代市场法和假设市场法。但是,目前我国在对红色旅游资源文化遗产价值评估方面存在着许多的困难,首先是市场的不完全性,由于政府对市场的干预这种现状的普遍存在,使得市场价格较为扭曲,如果将市场价格引入,会使得评估的结果不够科学客观；其次是信息数据的不充分,由于这个现象使得许多的评估方法不能够采用。所以,对于文化遗产价值评估的方法不能够很好地服务,离评估最佳的结果还有一定的距离。想要解决这些问题,首先需要充分地了解文化遗产的价值的全面构成,采用科学客观的评估方法,并在此基础上创建文化遗产价值评估体系。随着社会进步的不断发展,人们越来越深入认识到了文化遗产的价值。因为文化遗产的价值具有多样性,而人们往往只关注到了某一方面的价值。因此,在进行价值评估的过程中,我们应当克服对文化遗产价值的狭隘认识,全面了解文化遗产的整体价值,使其评估结果更具科学性和精确性。关于红色旅游资源文化遗产,我们在除了强调它普遍具有的历史价值、文化艺术价值、经济科技价值外,还应该关注它所特有的其他价值。我国拥有大量的红色旅游资源,是进行红色旅游发展和弘扬爱国主义教育的物质基础。但是,目前红色旅游资源文化遗产的经济价值相对较低,我们应该更积极地开发红色旅游。论文首先结合国内的参考,研究红色旅游、红色旅游资源、文化遗产的定义,并分析了红色旅游资源文化遗产的价值构成以及对其影响因素进行了分析；接着,本文在阐述了构建红色旅游资源文化遗产价值评估体系目的意义和原则后,介绍了适合该文化遗产的评估方法,比较各方法的优缺点,并提出了运用模糊综合法对红色旅游资源文虎遗产进行评估,试图构建一个将定性评估、定量评估相结合使用的评估体系；接着,以蒙顶山红军纪念馆为具体案例,采用模糊综合法对其进行价值评估,展示了红色旅游资源文化资产价值评估的具体操作程序；最后,通过对红色旅游资源文化遗产进行价值评估得到的启示,提出了关于保护和合理开发利用该文化遗产的一些建议。
[Abstract]:Cultural heritage embodies the unique way of thinking and cultural value of a nation. It is the foundation of the nation and the monument of history. The historical and cultural heritage belongs to a nation, a nation, and the common wealth of all mankind.
People's understanding of the value of cultural heritage is developing and deepening with the progress of the society. The People's Republic of China cultural heritage protection law emphasizes the three values of cultural heritage, namely, history, science and art value. The value of any cultural heritage is multifaceted, but the values of different social groups are often concerned only with or seeing their values. In the whole Asia Pacific region, the amount of cultural heritage in our country is ranked first. However, our country's attention to and Research on the economic value of cultural heritage has only started in recent years. In the process of practice, the habit of habitual thinking which opposed the cultural value of the heritage and the economic value is still dominant, even if the heritage is recognized. The potential economic benefits, but the search for the best way to effectively maintain and exert such benefits is still obscure, which leads to the development of tourism at the expense of cultural heritage and the "pseudo culture" that destroys the authenticity of cultural heritage. Therefore, the narrowness of the value awareness should be overcome and the assessment should be given. In order to fully reflect, so that the decision and the managers can take care of the overall value of the cultural heritage. In addition, the value of cultural heritage will increase with the development of society, the improvement of people's understanding and a continuous process of presentation. It is dynamic, developing and accumulating. People in the future will have more and better ways to understand it. More information and value about the same cultural heritage. This is why the cultural heritage should be transmitted to future generations as fully and completely as possible.
Cultural heritage refers to the historical, artistic, or scientific aspects of the historical, artistic or scientific aspects of human development, and the historical and natural historical relics, historical buildings, or human cultural sites, which have outstanding universal values. Cultural heritage can be divided into material and intangible cultural heritage. The material cultural heritage, also known as the tangible cultural heritage, can also be divided into movable cultural heritage and immovable cultural heritage, including ancient buildings, murals, highly representative buildings, historical important books, works of art, historical and cultural historic and cultural ancient cities. The main intangible cultural heritage is the main historical and cultural heritage. They include: traditional handicrafts, performing arts and skills, social practice and related tools, crafts and cultural establishments.
From the definition of cultural heritage, the red tourism resources with historical value, artistic value and scientific and technological value are a form of cultural heritage. The cultural heritage is all kinds of information with excellent culture created by the predecessors, and the red cultural heritage is similar to the red tourism resources, but the red cultural heritage is the same. It is not equal to red tourism resources, its scope is less than red tourism resources, such as some private treasures of red cultural heritage can not become tourist resources. Therefore, the scope of this paper is the cultural heritage value of red tourism resources.
The historical and cultural heritage has an important feature, that is, cultural diversity. It is a deduction from different racial groups to their own culture. From the fine arts and crafts to the magnificent buildings, from the intoxicating poetry culture to the handmade technology of the natural and skilled, the general. It can be seen from the analysis of the theory of value that red tourism resources are a kind of historical and cultural heritage. It has the characteristics of cultural heritage and is of value. For the cultural heritage of red tourism resources, it has the general attributes of cultural heritage, so it has historical value, cultural and artistic value and scientific and technological value. But at the same time, the red tourism resources also have their own uniqueness. It has strong political, educational and historical inheritance, and is a non renewable resource.
The cultural heritage of red tourism resources is of value, and its rational development and utilization should be based on the correct understanding of its value. However, there is no special method to evaluate the value of red tourism resources, but it can be used for the evaluation of red tourism resources flexibly by using the evaluation method of the value of environmental resources. The evaluation methods of environmental resources value include conventional market method, substitute market method and hypothetical market method.
However, there are many difficulties in the evaluation of the cultural heritage value of red tourism resources, first of all, the incompleteness of the market. Because of the universal existence of the intervention of the government to the market, the market price is more distorted. If the market price is introduced, the results of the evaluation will not be scientific and objective; secondly, the result of the evaluation is not scientific and objective. It is not sufficient information data, because this phenomenon makes many evaluation methods can not be used. Therefore, the method of evaluation of cultural heritage can not serve well, and there is a certain distance from the evaluation of the best results. A scientific and objective assessment method is adopted, and a cultural heritage value assessment system is established on this basis.
With the continuous development of social progress, people have become more and more aware of the value of cultural heritage. Because the value of cultural heritage is diverse, people tend to focus only on the value of a certain aspect. Therefore, in the process of value evaluation, we should overcome the narrow understanding of the value of cultural heritage and understand the culture in an all-round way. The overall value of the heritage makes its evaluation more scientific and accurate. On the cultural heritage of red tourism resources, we should also pay attention to its unique value in addition to its historical value, cultural and artistic value and economic and technological value.
China has a large number of red tourism resources, which is the material basis for the development of red tourism and the promotion of patriotism education. However, the economic value of the cultural heritage of red tourism resources is relatively low at present. We should develop red tourism more actively. First, the paper studies red tourism, red tourism resources and literature in combination with domestic reference. The definition of the heritage and the analysis of the value composition of the cultural heritage of the red tourism resources and its influencing factors are analyzed. After that, the purpose and principles of the construction of the cultural heritage value evaluation system for red tourism resources are expounded, and the evaluation methods suitable for the cultural heritage are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared and the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods are compared. This paper puts forward the use of fuzzy comprehensive method to evaluate the heritage of red tourist resources, and tries to build an evaluation system that combines qualitative assessment and quantitative evaluation. Then, the value evaluation of the monmont Mountain Red Army memorial hall is taken as a specific case, and the value evaluation of the red tourism resources is evaluated by the fuzzy comprehensive method, and the evaluation of the value of the cultural assets of the red tourism resources is displayed. In the end, some suggestions on the protection and rational exploitation and utilization of the cultural heritage are put forward through the Enlightenment of the value assessment of the cultural heritage of red tourism resources.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G122

【参考文献】