记忆中的生存优势效应与错误记忆研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 20:10

本文选题：生存优势　切入点：记忆　出处：《郑州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：记忆的生存优势效应是指个体在对生存高相关的信息进行加工时,正确回忆量与错误回忆量均会有显著的增加。以往研究重点均放在不同情景刺激下的生存优势效应的正确回忆量的研究上。在实验研究中,主要探讨了年龄、情景与词表以及呈现时间对于正确回忆量和错误回忆量的影响,进行了三个实验。实验一随机选取120名学生进行2(被试:大学生、儿童)×2(词组:生存高相关词组、中性词组)被试间实验,探讨年龄与词组对记忆效果的影响,及其交互作用。实验二随机选取了120名学生进行2(被试:大学生、儿童)×2(情景:草原生存情景、城市生活情景)被试间实验,探讨年龄与情景对记忆效果的影响,及其交互作用。实验三随机选取240名大学生进行2(词语呈现时间:1秒、5秒)×4(情景:引入视频的草原生存情景、纯文字草原生存情景、引入视频的城市情景、纯文字城市情景)被试间实验,探讨呈现时间与情景对记忆效果的影响其交互作用。综合三个实验结果,表明:(1)基于生存相关性的词组所引起的生存优势效应与情景引起的生存优势效应,其产生的记忆效果并不相同。生存高相关的词组仅在儿童组表现出正确回忆量的增加,而基于情景的生存优势效应在儿童组和成人组均引起了正确回忆量的增加。(2)生存高相关的词表并不能引起成人或者儿童错误回忆量的显著变化。而草原生存情景不仅同时增加了成人被试与儿童被试的错误回忆量,并且使成人被试的错误回忆量显著的高于儿童。(3)生存优势效应是一种主要与长时记忆相关的记忆机制,在1秒的短时编码内并没有对记忆效果产生显著的影响。(4)视频指导语的加入,在不显著影响正确回忆量的同时,显著的减少了错误记忆量,表明了记忆系统在具有更为充分的情景刺激的同时,不仅仅致力于减少可能会造成个体重大损失的漏报,同时也在努力减少虚报。
[Abstract]:The survival advantage effect of memory refers to the processing of highly relevant information about survival by individuals. The amount of correct recall and false recall will increase significantly. Previous studies have focused on the correct recall of survival predominance under different scenarios. In the experimental study, the age was mainly studied. Three experiments were conducted on the effects of scene, vocabulary and presentation time on correct recall and false recall. Experiment 1: 120 students were randomly selected for 2 (subjects: college students, children) 脳 2 (phrase: survival high correlation phrase). In experiment 2, 120 students were randomly selected for 2 (subjects: college students, children) 脳 2 (scene: grassland survival scenario). The experiment was conducted to explore the influence of age and situation on memory effect and their interaction. Experiment 3 selected 240 college students randomly for 2 (word presentation time: 1 seconds, 5 seconds) 脳 4 (scene: introduction of video grassland survival scene), Pure text grassland survival scenario, the introduction of video urban scene, pure text city scene) subjects between the experiment, to explore the impact of time and scene on the memory effect of interaction. Synthesis of the results of three experiments, The results showed that the survival advantage effect caused by the phrase based on survival correlation was different from the survival advantage effect caused by the situation, and the memory effect was not the same. The high-survival related phrase only showed the increase of correct recall in the children's group. But the survival advantage effect based on the situation caused the increase of correct recall in both children and adults.) the list of words related to high survival did not cause significant change of false recall in adults or children. Not only did they increase the number of false memories in both adults and children, Moreover, the survival dominance effect of adults was significantly higher than that of children (P < 0.05), which was a memory mechanism mainly related to long-term memory. There was no significant effect on the memory effect in the 1 seconds short time coding. The addition of video guide did not significantly affect the amount of correct memory, but also significantly reduced the amount of false memory. It is shown that the memory system is not only devoted to reducing the underreporting which may cause significant losses to individuals, but also to reducing false reports while providing more adequate situational stimuli.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842.3

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