颞极灰质体积和批判性思维倾向的关系：情绪智力的调节作用

发布时间：2018-06-13 21:01

本文选题：批判性思维倾向 + 灰质体积　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：批判性思维(critical thinking)是指决定做什么或相信什么而进行的合理的、反省的思维(Ennis,1962)。批判性思维倾向是指个体进行批判性思维的内部动机(Facione et al.1996)。批判性思维是创新人才的必备素质,但是并不是所有的个体都愿意进行批判性思维,这和个体的批判性思维倾向有着紧密的关系。现阶段的批判性思维的研究多集中在一些思辨和实证的相关研究中,研究正处于起步和发展阶段,目前还没有对批判性思维的脑机制的个体差异的研究,因此本研究拟首先对批判性思维倾向也即好的、全面的批判性思维者具备的特质进行脑结构的个体差异的研究。通过对批判性思维倾向问卷的深入了解以及批判性思维倾向的相关研究的查阅,发现好的批判性思维者不仅具备熟练的分析和系统化能力以及相关的技能,更是具备开放思想、对知识本身的好奇心和求知欲、以及审慎的做决定的特质,能够客观的去了解情况,他人的观点并审慎的做出决定(Facione et al.,1994),并且研究发现批判性思维倾向和情绪智力显著正相关(Stedman and Andenoro,2007),与反省性的思维方式显著正相关(Mahmoud,2012),而且通过对学生进行认知地图的训练会提高其批判性思维的倾向(Atay and Karabacak,2012),所以本研究假设批判性思维倾向和关于情绪觉知和理解,以及信息的提取相关的脑区有关系。而颞极经常会在对情绪的觉知和他人情绪的理解任务中得到激活(Moll et al.2002;Heekeren et al.2003;Grèzes et al.2004),颞极的损伤会导致个体情绪的不稳定以及社会兴趣的下降(Olson et al.2007)。除此之外,海马旁回在信息的整合和记忆的提取中起着很重要的作用(Schacter and Wagner,1999;Qin et al.2015),因此本文假设颞极和海马旁回可能和批判性思维倾向的脑结构相关。在文献查阅的过程中,我们还发现,对自身和他人情绪的觉知和处理能有利于批判性思维的开展,批判性思维的进行反过来也会进一步促进我们的情绪生活(Elder,1997;Paul and Elder,2013)。而且已有的研究已经发现情绪智力和批判性思维倾向的显著正相关关系(Stedman and Andenoro,2007),但是两者之间关系背后的脑机制也并未进行研究,为此,IV本文采用两个研究对批判性思维倾向和情绪智力的关系的脑机制展开研究。研究一,所有被试都填写了批判性思维倾向问卷、情绪智力问卷以及瑞文推理测试,也进行了人口学以及结构像的数据采集,所有的被试和数据都来源于西南大学心理学部创造性和情绪研究课题组的数据库。最终经过行为和脑结构文件的匹配和筛选,最终有效被试为296个,女生159个,批判性思维倾向总分在性别上没有显著差异,之后通过多重线性回归方法对批判性思维倾向的脑结构机制进行了分析,其中性别、年龄、智力以及全脑灰质体积作为协变量控制掉,基于假设的感兴趣区域分析(Roi分析)结果发现批判性思维倾向和左右侧的颞极以及双侧海马旁回的灰质体积成显著负相关(小体积矫正后结果),另外,在cluster size设置为100个voxel,以及体素显著水平设置为p0.001的条件下,全脑分析在未矫正的结果里显示左侧的颞极以及左侧海马旁回的灰质体积和批判性思维倾向呈负相关,右侧的楔前叶的灰质体积和批判性思维倾向呈正相关。研究2包含两个分析,首先采用简单相关和典型相关相结合的分析方法对批判性思维倾向和情绪智力的关系进行了进一步的验证,简单相关分析的结果和前人研究基本一致,情绪智力和批判性思维倾向呈显著正相关,不过相关系数不高。典型相关分析从两组多维度变量的整体来考察两组变量的关系(明道绪和龙漫远,1987;洪慧芳和寇_g,2008),通过计算出新的典型变量对,并进行一系列的相关系数和方差解释比例的计算,最终发现,两组典型变量的冗余指数较低,两组典型变量的共享方差比例也较低,也即情绪智力和批判性思维倾向的整体相关性不高。典型分析方法为简单相关分析结果的进行了补充解释。但情绪智力和批判性思维倾向的显著正相关关系仍是不可置疑的,至于相关分析不高的原因可能是由于问卷所采用的批判性思维倾向工具和前人研究的有结构的差异所造成的。第二个分析,是根据已有的文献查阅,发现批判性思维倾向脑结构结果显著的脑区主要和情绪、社会信息的觉知(Stedman and Andenoro,2007;Paul and Elder,2013;Jeong,2015))和加工以及信息和记忆的提取(Mahmoud,2012;Atay and Karabacak,2012)有关,而高情绪智力个体在以往的研究中发现和较好的焦虑情境应对和更好的韧性(Afshar and Rahimi,2016)、更好的推理能力(Saxena and Singhvi,2015)、花费更少的精力维持人际关系(Murensky,2000)以及更客观的信息搜索方式(Mc Pherson,1983)相联系,本文基于情绪智力会调节颞极灰质体积和个体批判性思维倾向的关系的假设,进行了调节效应分析,结果符合预期假设,颞极灰质体积和批判性思维倾向的负相关受情绪智力的调节,具体表现为高情绪智力上存在颞极灰质体积和批判性思维倾向的负相关。也就是说高情绪智力个体在具备更敏锐的情绪和社会信息的觉察和处理,以及信息和记忆的提取的情况下,更容易成为一个好的、全面的批判性思维者。本文的两个研究对批判性思维倾向的脑结构基础以及情绪智力和批判性思维倾向的关系及其背后的脑机制进行了探讨,结果表明了好的批判性思维者有较敏锐和成熟的情绪和社会信息觉知以及信息和记忆的提取能力,而且高情绪智力个体的颞极灰质体积越小,也即高情绪智力个体的情绪觉知和处理能力更好,信息提取更有效,就越易于成为一个好的批判性思维者。
[Abstract]:Critical thinking is the rational, reflective thinking (Ennis, 1962) that determines what to do or what to believe. Critical thinking is the internal motivation (Facione et al.1996) for critical thinking (Facione et al.1996). Critical thinking is the essential quality of an innovator, but not all individuals are willing to enter. The critical thinking is closely related to the critical thinking tendency of the individual. The research on critical thinking at this stage is mostly focused on some speculative and empirical studies. The research is at the beginning and development stage. There is no study on the individual difference of critical thinking in the brain. Critical thinking tends to be good, and the quality of the comprehensive critical thinking is studied by the individual differences in the brain structure. Through a thorough understanding of the critical thinking tendency questionnaire and the related research of critical thinking tendency, it is found that good critical thinking is not only proficient in analysis and systematization. And related skills, they have open ideas, curiosity and curiosity, and prudent decision making qualities that can objectively understand the situation, the opinions of others and make a prudent decision (Facione et al., 1994), and find a significant positive correlation between critical thinking tendencies and emotional intelligence (Stedman and Andenor) O, 2007), which is significantly positively correlated with reflective thinking (Mahmoud, 2012), and by training cognitive maps of students to improve their critical thinking tendency (Atay and Karabacak, 2012), this study assumes that critical thinking tends to be related to emotional awareness and understanding, as well as the brain areas associated with information extraction. Temporomandibular poles are often activated in the task of understanding emotional awareness and understanding of others' emotions (Moll et al.2002; Heekeren et al.2003; Gr Er zes et al.2004). The damage of the temporal pole leads to the instability of individual emotions and the decline in social interest (Olson ET). With a very important role (Schacter and Wagner, 1999; Qin et al.2015), this article assumes that the temporal and parahippocampal gyrus may be related to the brain structure of critical thinking tendency. In the process of literature review, we also find that awareness and treatment of the emotions of themselves and others can be beneficial to critical thinking and critical thinking. In turn, it will further promote our emotional life (Elder, 1997; Paul and Elder, 2013). And the previous studies have found a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and critical thinking (Stedman and Andenoro, 2007), but the brain mechanism behind the relationship has not been studied. Therefore, IV uses two studies in this article. Research on the brain mechanism of the relationship between critical thinking tendency and emotional intelligence. First, all subjects filled in the critical thinking tendency questionnaire, emotional intelligence questionnaire and Raven's reasoning test, also conducted demographic and structural data collection, all subjects and data were created by the Department of psychology at Southwestern University. The database of the research group of sex and emotion research group. Finally, after the matching and screening of behavior and brain structure documents, the final effective subjects are 296, 159 girls, and there is no significant difference in the total score of critical thinking tendency. Then the brain structure mechanism of critical thinking tendency is analyzed by multiple linear regression. No, age, intelligence, and whole brain gray matter volume as covariate control, based on the hypothetical region of interest analysis (Roi analysis) results found that critical thinking tendency was negatively correlated with the left and right temporal poles and the volume of gray matter in the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus (the result of small volume correction), and the cluster size was set to 100 voxel, Under the condition of p0.001, the total brain analysis showed that the left temporal pole and the gray matter volume of the left parahippocampal gyrus were negatively correlated with the critical thinking tendency in the uncorrected results. The volume of gray matter in the right anterior wedge was positively correlated with the critical thinking tendency. Study 2 included two analyses, first of which were simple phase. The analysis method combined with canonical correlation has further verified the relationship between critical thinking tendency and emotional intelligence. The results of simple correlation analysis are basically consistent with previous studies. The emotional intelligence and critical thinking tendency are positively correlated, but the correlation coefficient is not high. The canonical correlation analysis is from two groups of multidimensional variables. The whole relationship between the two groups of variables (Ming Daoxu and dragonman, 1987; Hong Huifang and _g, 2008), by calculating a new typical variable pair, and calculating a series of correlation coefficients and the proportion of variance interpretation, finally found that the redundancy index of the two sets of typical variables is lower, and the shared variance ratio of the two sets of typical variables is also lower, that is, The overall correlation of emotional intelligence and critical thinking tendency is not high. The typical analysis method is a supplementary explanation for the results of simple correlation analysis. However, the significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and critical thinking tendency is still unquestionable, and the reasons for the low correlation analysis can be attributed to the critical thinking adopted by the questionnaire. The second analysis, based on the existing literature, found that the brain structure of critical thinking tends to be significant and emotional, and the awareness of social information (Stedman and Andenoro, 2007; Paul and Elder, 2013; Jeong, 2015)) and processing as well as processing, and information and memory Take (Mahmoud, 2012; Atay and Karabacak, 2012), while high emotional intelligence individuals found in previous studies and better anxiety situations and better resilience (Afshar and Rahimi, 2016), better reasoning ability (Saxena and Singhvi, 2015), less effort to maintain interpersonal relationships (Murensky, 2000), and more objective information Mc Pherson (1983), based on the hypothesis that emotional intelligence regulates the relationship between the volume of temporomandibular gray matter and the critical thinking tendency of the individual, the adjustment effect is analyzed. The results conforms to the expected hypothesis that the negative correlation between the volume of the temporal polar gray matter and the critical thinking tendency is regulated by the emotional intelligence, which is specifically expressed as a high emotional intelligence. There is a negative correlation between the volume of temporomandibular gray matter and critical thinking tendency, which means that individuals with high emotional intelligence are more likely to be a good, comprehensive critical thinking in the presence of more acute emotion and social information awareness, and the extraction of information and memory. The two studies of this article are critical thinking. The relationship between the tendency of the brain structure and the relationship between emotional intelligence and critical thinking tendency and the underlying mechanism are discussed. The results show that good critical minds have more acute and mature emotional and social information awareness, and the ability to extract information and memory, and the smaller the volume of the temporal polar gray matter in high emotional intelligence individuals. That is, high emotional intelligence individuals have better emotional awareness and processing power, and the more effective information extraction is, the easier it is to become a good critical thinker.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B845.1

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