藏—汉双语者抽象词概念表征的心理学研究

发布时间：2019-06-13 08:19

【摘要】：信息化的今天,语言作为信息的载体,在不同文化之间交流的重要性不言而喻。双语现象和双语教育已成为学校教育以至于社会交往中的常态。国内外学者对于这种现象产生的原因有着强烈的兴趣,试图去发现两种及以上的语言是采用何种方式存在于头脑当中,并如何做到使用过程自由的转换。对此问题,研究者已从双语者两种语言的表征、联系模式以及言语理解和言语产生中的加工特点进行了系列研究。研究发现,双语者两种语言的词汇独立存储,语义共同存储。但是,已有有关双语者两种语言表征方式的研究主要是基于具体概念的词汇,鲜少有人关注抽象词汇的概念表征问题。与具体词不同,抽象词一般不指代具体实物,而是表达抽象概念。因此,抽象词一般是无法形象化、具体化的词汇。那么,为了表达语义信息,抽象词汇(如“时间”)一般通过具体词汇(“流水”、“金钱”)来说明。近些年,研究者开始关注词汇信息,特别是抽象词汇的具身性,并提出了不同的理论观点来解释。那么,抽象概念的具身性是否会影响双语者对抽象词汇语义信息的表征?换言之,在双语者的两种语言系统中,抽象概念的语义表征是否受其具身性的影响?这是本研究关注的重点问题。对于抽象词而言,不同抽象词的抽象程度不同。并且,不同的语言文化特点会影响抽象词的具身性。已有研究发现,不同语言与文化的道德词都具有上下空间方位一致性效应,即,当道德词汇呈现在屏幕上方时,被试对道德词的判断会更快更准,而不道德词呈现在屏幕下方时,被试的判断更快更准。研究还发现,亲属词内含了社会地位和尊卑等态度,也是通过空间概念来表征的,存在词汇空间效应。即,高低辈分词汇和道德词汇一样有着上下空间方位一致性。那么,对于掌握两种语言的双语者来说,抽象词汇可能因为两种语言文化的异同而表现出不同的具身性。例如,对于藏-汉双语者来说,两种语言文化都以佛教为支撑,因此,道德词可能都具有空间方位一致性效应。已有研究也发现,不同文化的道德词汇都具有空间方位一致性效应。但是,在亲属制度上,藏族和汉族文化中都有长幼尊卑的文化传统,因此,辈分亲属词可能都有高低的空间方位一致性效应;但同时,亲属词中不光包含高低辈分语义维度,还包含直系旁系、血亲姻亲等维度,已有研究表明,不同文化中的内外亲属词有着不同的空间方位一致性效应。故此,我们选取抽象概念高度相似的道德抽象词汇和不一致的亲属词汇作为研究材料,试图通过词汇空间效应一致的道德词汇和词汇空间效应一致与不一致的亲属词作为实验材料,考察双语者的抽象词汇表征以及影响因素。共包括三个实验。实验一,采用跨语言长时重复启动实验范式,选取词汇空间效应一致的道德词来考察藏-汉双语者两种语言的抽象词汇表征方式,初步了解双语者的抽象词汇表征方式是否与具体词汇相同,并为实验2和实验3奠定理论基础。实验二,采用跨语言长时重复启动实验范式,选取词汇空间一致性的高低辈分亲属词进一步考察藏-汉双语者两种语言的抽象词表征。进而验证实验1的结论,并为实验3奠定基础。实验三,采用跨语言长时重复启动实验范式,选取词汇空间不一致的家族内外亲属词考察藏-汉双语者的抽象词表征。并通过与实验2比较,进一步丰富双语者的抽象词汇概念表征方式。通过三个实验得出,无论抽象词汇的词汇空间效应是否一致,双语者的抽象词都共同表征。可见,具身性可以影响双语者的抽象词汇表征方式。
[Abstract]:As a carrier of information, the importance of communication between different cultures is self-evident. Bilingualism and bilingual education have become the norm in the education of the school and the social interaction. The domestic and foreign scholars have a strong interest in the cause of this phenomenon, and try to find out how the two or more languages exist in the mind and how to use the process of free conversion. In this regard, the researchers have made a series of studies on the characteristics of the two languages, the pattern of contact and the processing of speech and speech. The study found that the two languages of the bilinguals are stored separately, and the semantic is stored together. However, the research on the two kinds of language representation methods of the bilinguals is mainly based on the vocabulary of the specific concept, and the concept of the abstract vocabulary is less and less concerned with the concept of the abstract vocabulary. Unlike a specific word, an abstract term does not generally refer to a specific object, but rather an abstract concept. As a result, abstract words are generally words that can't be visualized and concretized. In order to express the semantic information, then, an abstract vocabulary, such as a "time", is generally illustrated by a specific vocabulary ("running water", "money"). In recent years, the researchers began to focus on lexical information, in particular abstract terms, and put forward different theoretical points of view to explain. So, can the character of the abstract concept affect the bilinguals' representation of the abstract vocabulary semantic information? In other words, in the two language systems of the bilinguals, the semantic representation of the abstract concept is influenced by its body character? This is the focus of the study. For abstract words, the degree of abstraction of different abstract words is different. Moreover, the different language and cultural characteristics will affect the body of the abstract words. The research has found that the moral words of different languages and cultures have the effect of the coherence effect of the up-and-down space, that is, when the moral vocabulary is presented above the screen, the participants' judgment on the moral word is more accurate, and the unethical words appear below the screen, and the judgment of the participants is faster and more accurate. The study also found that the relative word contains the attitude of social status and superiority, and is characterized by the space concept, and there is a lexical space effect. In other words, the high and low level terms have the same spatial and spatial orientation consistency as the moral vocabulary. So, for bilinguals who have two languages, the abstract vocabulary may be different in character because of the similarities and differences between the two languages. For example, for Tibetan-Chinese bilinguals, both language cultures are supported by Buddhism, so the moral words may all have a spatial orientation consistency effect. The research has also found that the moral vocabulary of different cultures has a spatial orientation consistency effect. However, in the family system, the Tibetan and the Han culture have the cultural tradition of the high and the low, and therefore, the relative word of the family may have the high and low spatial orientation consistency effect; but at the same time, the relative words include not only the high and low level semantic dimension, but also the direct side system. The research has shown that the internal and external relatives of different cultures have different spatial orientation consistency effects. Therefore, we select the moral abstract words and the non-consistent relative words which are highly similar in the abstract concept as the research material, and try to use the consistent moral and lexical space effects of the lexical space effect as the experimental material. The abstract vocabulary representation and the influencing factors of the bilinguals are examined. A total of three experiments were included. Experiment 1, using the cross-language long-time repetition to start the experimental paradigm, and selecting the moral words consistent with the lexical space effect to study the abstract vocabulary representation of the two languages of the Tibetan-Chinese bilinguals, and preliminarily understanding whether the abstract vocabulary representation mode of the bilinguals is the same as the specific words, And lays a theoretical foundation for experiment 2 and experiment 3. 2. Using the cross-language long-time repetition to start the experimental paradigm, the author further studies the expression of the abstract words in the two languages of the Tibetan-Chinese bilinguals. The conclusion of experiment 1 was then verified and the basis for experiment 3 was established. 3. Using the cross-language long-time repetition to start the experimental paradigm, we select the family and external relatives of the family to study the abstract word representation of the Tibetan-Chinese bilinguals. By comparing with the experiment 2, the concept of the abstract vocabulary of the bilinguals is further enriched. Through the three experiments, whether the lexical space effect of the abstract vocabulary is the same or not, the abstract words of the bilinguals are commonly characterized. It can be seen that the character of the abstract vocabulary of the bilinguals can be influenced by the character of the body.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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