心理距离和特质词效价对自发特质推理的影响

发布时间：2019-06-17 12:16

【摘要】：自发特质推理是指观察者在没有特定目的和意识的情况下,根据他人行为信息推论人格特质的过程。自发特质推理在人们的日常生活和工作中普遍存在,反映了个体对他人行为的认知和解释,影响着个体的社会判断和人际决策等诸多方面。近年来,自发特质推理逐渐成为社会认知领域的关注热点。本文主要从行为者与知觉者的心理距离和隐含特质的正负效价两方面进行相关研究。实验一采用错误再认范式,研究时间距离对隐含积极特质行为和隐含消极特质行为的自发特质推理的影响,结果发现：1、被试对远时间距离行为者的行为更易产生自发特质推理；2、被试对隐含消极特质的行为更易产生自发特质推理。实验二采用错误再认范式,研究空间距离对隐含积极特质行为和隐含消极特质行为的自发特质推理的影响。研究结果表明：1、被试自发特质推理的程度不受行为者的空间距离影响；2、被试对隐含消极特质的行为更易产生自发特质推理。综上所述,本文可以得出以下结论： 1、时间距离和空间距离对自发特质推理的影响存在不一致。时间距离对自发特质推理有显著影响,时间距离条件下,个体对隐含特质的行为的表征符合解释水平理论,对时间距离远的行为者的行为更倾向于进行高水平解释,易产生自发特质推理,对时间距离近的行为者的行为更倾向于进行低水平解释,不易产生自发特质推理；空间距离对自发特质推理没有显著影响,不同的空间距离条件下,个体的自发特质推理程度不存在显著差异。 2、被试的自发特质推理存在消极偏见,即相对于隐含积极效价特质词的行为,被试对于隐含消极效价特质词的行为更易产生自发特质推理。
[Abstract]:Spontaneous trait reasoning refers to the process in which an observer infers personality traits according to the behavior information of others without specific purpose and consciousness. Spontaneous trait reasoning is common in people's daily life and work, which reflects the individual's cognition and explanation of others' behavior, and affects the individual's social judgment and interpersonal decision-making. In recent years, spontaneous trait reasoning has gradually become a hot spot in the field of social cognition. This paper mainly studies the psychological distance between actors and perceivers and the positive and negative titers of implicit traits. In the first experiment, the wrong recognition paradigm was used to study the influence of time distance on the spontaneous trait reasoning of implicit positive trait behavior and implicit negative trait behavior. the results showed that: 1, the subjects were more likely to produce spontaneous trait reasoning on the behavior of long distance behavior, and 2, the subjects were more likely to produce spontaneous trait reasoning on the behavior of implied negative trait behavior. In the second experiment, the error recognition paradigm was used to study the influence of spatial distance on spontaneous trait reasoning of implicit positive trait behavior and implicit negative trait behavior. The results show that: (1) the degree of spontaneous trait reasoning is not affected by the spatial distance of the actors, and (2) the subjects are more likely to produce spontaneous trait reasoning for the behavior of implicit negative traits. To sum up, the following conclusions can be drawn in this paper: 1. The effects of time distance and spatial distance on spontaneous trait reasoning are inconsistent. Time distance has a significant influence on spontaneous trait reasoning. Under the condition of time distance, the individual representation of implicit trait behavior accords with the theory of interpretation level. The behavior of actors with long time distance is more likely to be explained at a high level, which is easy to produce spontaneous trait reasoning, and the behavior of actors with close time distance is more likely to be explained at a low level, and it is not easy to produce spontaneous trait reasoning. Spatial distance has no significant effect on spontaneous trait reasoning, but there is no significant difference in the degree of spontaneous trait reasoning under different spatial distances. 2. There is a negative bias in the spontaneous trait reasoning of the subjects, that is, compared with the behavior of the implicit positive titer trait words, the subjects are more likely to produce spontaneous trait reasoning for the behavior of the implicit negative titer trait words.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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