网络利他行为：测验量表适用性验证与特点分析

发布时间：2019-06-18 23:18

【摘要】：随着互联网的迅速发展和大范围普及,人们在享受大量新鲜资讯的同时,日常生活也变得更加快捷和便利了。但是,近年来网络犯罪、青少年网络成瘾等网络使用相关问题的出现,也着实令人们困恼不已。如何才能使互联网更好地展现出自身的优越之处呢?笔者认为可以通过关注和鼓励人们在网络活动中进行更多的积极行为得以实现。利他行为是一种个体自觉自愿采取的、帮助他人而并不期望外在回报的亲社会行为,这种积极行为能够有效地促进社会和谐发展。我们观察到,网络利他行为作为利他在虚拟环境中的一种体现,能够有效地促进网络社会的安定和谐,是值得深入研究和鼓励的积极行为。从文献检索结果来看,该领域研究还相对单薄,存在以定性描述为主、缺乏丰富事实证据的局限。本研究希望通过分析收集到的大样本数据,对目前唯一的网络利他行为量表进行适用性验证,同时结合访谈中收集到的相关资料分析网络使用者在虚拟社会中利他行为的主要特点。本研究共收集到557份有效的样本数据,被试年龄范围为11岁至53岁,涉及学生、工人、白领、公务员等从业人员,受教育程度从小学到硕士研究生。由于网络调查不受空间限制,所以研究被试存在分布范围广、覆盖面大的特点。研究采用问卷法与访谈法相结合的方式进行,综合考查和分析样本数据,以实现对网络利他行为较为客观、全面的研究。具体有以下几方面成果： 1.《网络利他行为量表》在大范围网络使用者中施测的适用性良好。数据分析结果表明,该量表的鉴别力(CR值在0.05水平上均显著)、信度(总量表α系数大于0.90,各分量表α系数大于0.70)和效度(每个维度与总量表相关系数都高于0.80,各个项目与其所属分量表相关系数在0.60以上)均达到满意水平,良好的结构使得本量表可以运用在与互联网积极行为有关的测量中； 2.在虚拟环境中,以网络分享为主的利他行为普遍存在。研究中,绝大多数(94%)网络使用者表示对网络利他行为有着积极、正确的认识,坦言自己从事过或经常从事利他行为,相比实际生活中的利他行为,个体在网络中实施对他人有益的行为有更多的自主性； 3.经常通过电脑上网的使用者有更多的利他行为。电脑使用者的网络利他行为得分显著高于手机使用者(F=8.34,p0.01),手机用户由于受到流量等多种客观因素的限制,表现出的利他行为相对较少； 4.年长组(40岁及以上)和年少组(19岁及以下)有更多的利他行为：年长者和年少者相对生活压力较小,对网络这一新鲜事物的热情度高,同时渴望得到他人的尊重和认可,故有更多的网络利他行为(F=9.69,p0.01)； 5.网龄和日均使用网络时间对利他行为产生有重要影响。使用网络时间过长(网龄在五年以上、日均使用网络时间3小时以上)会减少利他行为的发生概率(F=9.95,p0.01；F=6.17,p0.01),并会对个体的生理和心理造成一定负面影响,使用网络时间适中(1-3小时)的用户是做出利他行为频率最高的群体； 6.过低的受教育程度(小学及以下)会降低利他行为的发生频率。受教育程度为小学及以下的被试在网络利他的多个维度上得分显著低于其他群体(总量表得分F=2.99,p0.05),应加强互联网使用者的文化知识学习和社会道德教育。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development and wide spread of the Internet, people enjoy a lot of fresh information, and daily life becomes more rapid and convenient. However, in recent years, the emergence of network-related problems such as network crime, Internet addiction, and the like, it is also very annoying. How can the Internet better display its own advantages? The author believes that more active behaviors can be realized through the attention and encouragement of people in the network activities. The altruistic act is a kind of pro-social behavior that the individual voluntarily takes and helps others and does not expect to return in return, which can effectively promote the harmonious development of society. We have observed that the altruistic behavior of the network, as a manifestation of altruistic in the virtual environment, can effectively promote the stability and harmony of the network society, and it is a positive line that is worth studying and encouraging. In view of the results of the literature search, the research in this field is relatively simple, and there is a bureau that is mainly described as the main and lacks the evidence of abundant facts. The purpose of this study is to verify the applicability of the current unique network altruistic behavior scale by analyzing the collected large sample data, and to analyze the main characters of the network user's altruistic behavior in the virtual society based on the relevant data collected in the interview. The study collected 557 valid sample data, ranging from 11 to 53 years of age, to practitioners, workers, white-collar and civil servants, to a degree of education from primary to master Post-graduate students. Since the network investigation is not subject to space limitation, the research subjects have a wide range of distribution and large coverage The research adopts the combination of the questionnaire method and the interview method, and the sample data is comprehensively examined and analyzed, so as to realize the objective and comprehensive of the altruistic behavior of the network. a study of the following face-to-face Fruit:1. measured in large-scale network users Good applicability. The data analysis results show that the discrimination force of the scale (CR value is significant at 0.05 level), the reliability (the total coefficient of the total table is greater than 0.90, the correlation coefficient of each component table is greater than 0.70) and the validity (the correlation coefficient between each dimension and the total table is high) At 0.80, the correlation coefficient between each item and its own component table (more than 0.60) has reached a satisfactory level, and the good structure makes the scale applicable to active behavior with the Internet. in a closed measurement;2. In a virtual environment, a network-sharing-based interest in that study, the vast majority (94%) of the network users express a positive and correct understanding of the altruistic behavior of the network, and the fact that he has done or is often engaged in altruistic behavior, as compared to the actual life An act of altruism in a network that is beneficial to others in a network. more autonomy;3. The use of computers on the Internet The user has more altruistic behavior. The computer user's network altruistic behavior score is significantly higher than that of the mobile phone user (F = 8.34, p0.01). The altruistic behavior is relatively small;4. The older group (40 and above) and the younger group (19 years of age and below) have more altruistic behavior: the elderly and the young people have a small relative living pressure, a high degree of enthusiasm for the novelty of the network, and is also thirsty With respect and recognition of others, there are more network altruistic behaviors (F = 9.69, p0.01);5. Network age and daily use of the network There is an important influence on altruistic behavior. The use of network time is too long (over five years, the average daily use of network time for more than 3 hours) will reduce the probability of altruistic behavior (F = 9.95, p0.01; F = 6.17, p0.01) and will be subject to individual The physiology and psychology have a negative impact and users who use the network time (1-3 hours) are a group that has the highest frequency of altruism; a low level of education (primary and secondary) The frequency of the occurrence of altruism is reduced. The level of education for primary and lower primary schools is significantly lower than that of other groups (the total table score of F = 2.99, p0.05), and the use of the Internet should be strengthened
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B848

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