智力落后儿童工作记忆、空间方位与交通安全认知的关系
发布时间：2019-06-19 20:41
【摘要】：工作记忆是一个用于保持和操纵复杂认知和思维信息的资源有限系统。工作记忆广度即工作记忆容量,其大小经常被视为是对认知加工能力的重要限制,是衡量工作记忆的重要指标。空间能力是人类智能的重要成分,空间方位概念认知是空间能力的基础构成部分。其中“上/下”、“前/后”、“左/右”、“里/外”是最基本的方位概念。而交通安全认知则是指在道路交通方面的一般知识及安全认识,它包括交通标志、交通规则及交通安全等方面的一般的、常用的、众所周知的知识。国内外的研究已经证实工作记忆广度对空间方位概念和交通安全认知具有重要作用,并且个体空间方位概念的掌握程度对其交通安全认知也产生一定影响。但是关于这三者之间相互作用的关系,尤其是中度智力落后儿童在这些方面的情况等研究目前还比较薄弱。本研究通过对90名中度智力落后儿童工作记忆广度、空间方位概念和交通安全认知进行考察,并对三者之间的关系进行探讨,以期为中度智力落后儿童相关认知领域研究及教育实践提供帮助。本研究得出如下结论:(1)从总体上来看,7-15岁中度智力落后儿童工作记忆广度、空间方位概念和交通安全认知的成绩均随着年龄的增长而提高,10-12岁是中度智力落后儿童空间方位概念和交通安全认知发展的关键时期。(2)不同性别中度智力落后儿童在工作记忆广度和交通安全认知成绩上的差异均不显著。在空间方位概念中,不同性别中度智力落后儿童的动作摆放任务、以物体为中心任务、“左/右”、“上/下”和总体空间方位概念上的平均正确率存在显著差异。(3)在工作记忆广度任务中,中度智力落后儿童在空间记忆广度上的成绩显著高于在数字记忆广度和词语记忆广度上的成绩。(4)在空间方位概念任务中,中度智力落后儿童在口头表达任务中的平均正确率显著低于在动作摆放任务中的平均正确率;以物体为中心任务中的平均正确率显著低于在以被试为中心任务中的平均正确率;“左/右”和“前/后”的平均正确率均显著低于“上/下”、“里/外”的平均正确率。(5)在交通安全认知上,中度智力落后儿童的交通标志认知的平均正确率显著高于交通规则认知、交通安危认知的平均正确率;交通规则认知的平均正确率显著高于交通安危认知的平均正确率。(6)中度智力落后儿童的工作记忆广度成绩与空间方位概念成绩之间显著相关,空间方位概念成绩与交通安全认知成绩之间显著相关,工作记忆广度成绩与交通安全认知成绩之间也呈显著相关。7)中度智力落后儿童的空间方位概念在工作记忆广度和交通安全认知之间起部分中介作用,间接作用占总效应的48.89%。
[Abstract]:Working memory is a resource-limited system used to maintain and manipulate complex cognitive and thinking information. Working memory span, that is, working memory capacity, is often regarded as an important limitation on cognitive processing ability and an important index to measure working memory. Spatial ability is an important component of human intelligence, and spatial orientation concept cognition is the basic component of spatial capability. Among them, "up / down", "front / rear", "left / right" and "inside / outside" are the most basic concepts of orientation. Traffic safety cognition refers to the general knowledge and safety understanding of road traffic, which includes general, commonly used and well-known knowledge of traffic signs, traffic rules and traffic safety. Studies at home and abroad have confirmed that working memory span plays an important role in spatial orientation concept and traffic safety cognition, and the mastery of individual spatial orientation concept also has a certain impact on their traffic safety cognition. However, the relationship between the three, especially the situation of children with moderate mental retardation in these aspects, is still relatively weak. This study investigated the working memory span, spatial orientation concept and traffic safety cognition of 90 children with moderate mental retardation, and discussed the relationship among them, in order to provide help for the research and educational practice of related cognitive fields of children with moderate mental retardation. The conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) on the whole, the working memory span, spatial orientation concept and traffic safety cognition of children with moderate mental retardation aged 7 years and 15 years old all improve with the increase of age. 10 years old 12 years old is the key period for the development of spatial orientation concept and traffic safety cognition of children with moderate mental retardation. (2) there is no significant difference in working memory span and traffic safety cognitive performance among children with moderate mental retardation of different genders. In the concept of spatial orientation, there are significant differences in the average correct rate between the concept of spatial orientation and the concept of "left / right", "upper / lower" and overall spatial orientation in the action placement task of children with moderate mental retardation of different genders. (3) in the task of working memory span, The scores of children with moderate mental retardation in spatial memory span were significantly higher than those in digital memory span and word memory span. (4) in the spatial orientation concept task, the average correct rate of children with moderate mental retardation in oral expression task was significantly lower than that in action placement task; The average correct rate in object-centered task is significantly lower than that in subject-centered task. The average correct rate of "left / right" and "front / rear" was significantly lower than that of "top / bottom" and "inside / outside". (5) in traffic safety cognition, the average correct rate of traffic sign cognition in children with moderate mental retardation was significantly higher than that in traffic rule cognition and traffic safety cognition. The average correct rate of traffic rule cognition is significantly higher than that of traffic safety cognition. (6) the working memory span score of children with moderate mental retardation is significantly correlated with the spatial orientation concept score, and the spatial orientation concept score is significantly correlated with the traffic safety cognition score. There was also a significant correlation between working memory span and traffic safety cognition. 7) the concept of spatial orientation of children with moderate mental retardation played a partial intermediary role between working memory span and traffic safety cognition, accounting for 48.89% of the total effect.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842.3
本文编号：2502624
[Abstract]:Working memory is a resource-limited system used to maintain and manipulate complex cognitive and thinking information. Working memory span, that is, working memory capacity, is often regarded as an important limitation on cognitive processing ability and an important index to measure working memory. Spatial ability is an important component of human intelligence, and spatial orientation concept cognition is the basic component of spatial capability. Among them, "up / down", "front / rear", "left / right" and "inside / outside" are the most basic concepts of orientation. Traffic safety cognition refers to the general knowledge and safety understanding of road traffic, which includes general, commonly used and well-known knowledge of traffic signs, traffic rules and traffic safety. Studies at home and abroad have confirmed that working memory span plays an important role in spatial orientation concept and traffic safety cognition, and the mastery of individual spatial orientation concept also has a certain impact on their traffic safety cognition. However, the relationship between the three, especially the situation of children with moderate mental retardation in these aspects, is still relatively weak. This study investigated the working memory span, spatial orientation concept and traffic safety cognition of 90 children with moderate mental retardation, and discussed the relationship among them, in order to provide help for the research and educational practice of related cognitive fields of children with moderate mental retardation. The conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) on the whole, the working memory span, spatial orientation concept and traffic safety cognition of children with moderate mental retardation aged 7 years and 15 years old all improve with the increase of age. 10 years old 12 years old is the key period for the development of spatial orientation concept and traffic safety cognition of children with moderate mental retardation. (2) there is no significant difference in working memory span and traffic safety cognitive performance among children with moderate mental retardation of different genders. In the concept of spatial orientation, there are significant differences in the average correct rate between the concept of spatial orientation and the concept of "left / right", "upper / lower" and overall spatial orientation in the action placement task of children with moderate mental retardation of different genders. (3) in the task of working memory span, The scores of children with moderate mental retardation in spatial memory span were significantly higher than those in digital memory span and word memory span. (4) in the spatial orientation concept task, the average correct rate of children with moderate mental retardation in oral expression task was significantly lower than that in action placement task; The average correct rate in object-centered task is significantly lower than that in subject-centered task. The average correct rate of "left / right" and "front / rear" was significantly lower than that of "top / bottom" and "inside / outside". (5) in traffic safety cognition, the average correct rate of traffic sign cognition in children with moderate mental retardation was significantly higher than that in traffic rule cognition and traffic safety cognition. The average correct rate of traffic rule cognition is significantly higher than that of traffic safety cognition. (6) the working memory span score of children with moderate mental retardation is significantly correlated with the spatial orientation concept score, and the spatial orientation concept score is significantly correlated with the traffic safety cognition score. There was also a significant correlation between working memory span and traffic safety cognition. 7) the concept of spatial orientation of children with moderate mental retardation played a partial intermediary role between working memory span and traffic safety cognition, accounting for 48.89% of the total effect.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B842.3
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