灾荒、生态环境与明代北方社会经济开发

发布时间：2018-01-23 10:34

本文关键词： 明代灾荒社会经济开发生态环境　出处：《东北师范大学》2003年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 14世纪后期至15世纪末的百余年间，明朝在其北方地区实施了大规模的社会经济开发。本文把“灾荒”、“环境”与“社会经济开发”置于明代北方多样化而又变动着的生态系统与复杂而具体的社会环境之中，从自然与社会相互作用的新视角诠释灾荒现象与社会经济开发实践本身，，并运用社会经济学、灾害社会学、环境学等学科理论和研究方法就明代北方灾荒、环境与社会经济开发三者之间恶性互动关系的具体机制及相关问题进行了尝试性的研究。本文研究内容拟从如下几个方面展开：第一章为生态环境与历史背景分析。明初貌似荒芜的北方地区，其生态系统呈恶性的疲态且继续退化；14世纪后期至15世纪末，北方气候由暖转冷；明代以前频繁战乱造成的北方社会经济落后之事实与充满灾变可能的自然环境为明代北方社会经济开发底定一个脆弱社会空间。第二章主要分析明代北方社会经济开发期间灾况及其特征。通过灾次统计与灾频比较，研究表明： 1、明代前期虽是盛世，盛世灾荒却异常严重。 2、北方是明代灾荒高发区。 3，14世纪后期至15世纪末，明代北方灾荒频度与严重性不逊其后表现； 4，北方地区的灾荒具有明显的区域特征。第三章从历史的角度透视明初“理想国”内涵及北方社会经济开发的战略目标，即通过培育小农经济以增强北方农民抗灾自救能力，建构具有稳定结构的北方社会藉以实现“理想国”，备荒与经济开发在“理想国”中实现统一。第四章通过个案研究，从生态环境与社会经济双重视角就灾荒与经济开发规模之关系进行探究。由于备荒理念的丢弃、开发者的贫困，地方经济再发展能力的丧失，灾荒、生态环境与社会经济开发恶性互动，凡此导致开发区社会脆弱性，灾荒是社会脆弱性的外化形式与症结所在。第五章以北方流民问题为切入点，从生态环境、灾荒的双重视角透视社会经济开发期间北方的流民问题及灾荒、环境与流民现象三者之间的关系含义。本文认为：经济开发造成北方生态环境恶化而灾变频繁，土地承载力不足及农民贫困则导致北方社会抗御灾害机能衰竭，灾荒与流民问题是明代北方社会经济开发的症候。第六章，明代灾荒控制思想与控制模式未能逾越古代中国的传统范式，但是，北方社会经济厂发却赋予灾荒控制新的角色与含义。这虽是一个夫败的尝试，却演绎灾荒控制与经济开发关系的全部内涵。第七章为本文总结部分。社会经济开发使明代北方地区的贫困（Poverty）、人口（Population）和环境（Enviroment）乙间形成恶性循环关系；明朝人对北方地区灾荒与社会经济发展问题的思考足以令我们为之动容；强化社会保障功能，注重生态环境保护，实施区域社会经济同步发展战略是明代留给历史的座右铭。
[Abstract]:The late fourteenth Century to the end of fifteenth Century more than a hundred years, the implementation of the Ming Dynasty social large-scale economic development in the northern region. In this paper the "famine", "ecological environment" and "social economic development" in the Ming Dynasty and diversified changing and complex and specific social environment, economic development and social interpretation of the famine the practice itself from a new perspective of natural and social interaction, and the use of social disaster economics, sociology, environmental science and other disciplines theory and research methods on the Ming Dynasty famine, makes a tentative study of specific mechanisms of malignant interactive relationship between environment and social economic development of the three and related issues.
The research content of this paper is to be carried out from the following aspects:
The first chapter is the analysis of ecological environment and historical background. The seemingly barren northern region, the ecosystem of a vicious weakness and continue to deteriorate; the late fourteenth Century to the end of fifteenth Century, the northern climate from warm to cold before the Ming Dynasty; frequent wars causing the northern economic backwardness and the fact the disaster threatening natural environment made a fragile social space for the economic development of the Ming Dynasty.
The second chapter mainly analyzes the disaster situation and its characteristics during the northern social and economic development of the Ming Dynasty.
1, although the early Ming Dynasty was a prosperous period, the famine in the flourishing world was very serious.
2, the north is the high incidence area of the famine in the Ming Dynasty.
From the late 3,14 century to the end of the fifteenth Century, the frequency and severity of the famine in the north of the Ming Dynasty was not inferior.
4, the famine in the northern region has obvious regional characteristics.
The third chapter analyzes the strategic goal of "ideal country" connotation and the northern economic development from the perspective of history, namely by cultivating the peasant economy to enhance the self saving ability of the peasants and the construction of a stable structure of the northern society to realize the "ideal country", and for the economic development in the "Utopia" reunification.
The fourth chapter through a case study, from the dual perspective of ecological environment and social economic relationship between disaster and the scale of economic development are explored. The concept of discarded due to poor preparedness, developers,
The loss of local economic redevelopment capacity, famine, ecological environment and social and economic development
Still, this led to the development of social vulnerability, famine and disease is the external form of social vulnerability
The knot is located.
In the fifth chapter the refugee problem as the starting point, from the ecological environment, the dual perspective of famine
The refugee problem in the perspective of the social economic development during the famine and the north, and three environmental refugees "phenomenon
The article holds that economic development causes the deterioration of the ecological environment in the north and the catastrophe
Frequently, the lack of land carrying capacity and the poverty of the peasants led to the failure of the northern society to resist disaster.
The famine and the refugee problem is the economic development of the Ming Dynasty's syndrome.
The sixth chapter, the thought and control mode of the famine control in the Ming Dynasty failed to overstep the tradition of ancient China
Paradigm, however, the northern social and economic plants have given new roles and meanings to the control of famine.
Although it is a attempt of failure, it deducts all the connotations of the relationship between famine control and economic development.
The seventh chapter is the summary of this article. The social and economic development makes the poverty in the northern areas of the Ming Dynasty
(Poverty), population (Population) and environment (Enviroment) B form malignant
The thinking of the Ming Dynasty to the problems of the famine and the social and economic development in the northern areas is sufficient to make it clear that
We are moving for it; strengthen the social security function, pay attention to the protection of the ecological environment and implement the regional society
The strategy of synchronized economic development is the motto of the Ming Dynasty to history.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：K248

【引证文献】