明代黄河水患与治黄保漕时空变迁述论

发布时间：2018-03-05 21:44

本文选题：明代　切入点：黄河水患　出处：《郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2015年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：明代黄河几乎无岁不灾,灾害范围之大几乎遍及河南中东部、山东西北部和西南部、南直隶北部。明代前期(1368-1505年)黄河水患主要发生在河南开封府,黄河决口北流的一支既影响到山东张秋运河畅通,也造成徐州以下黄河段水量不足,治黄保漕的重心在于堵住黄河北决,解除黄河水患对张秋运河的威胁;治黄保漕的主要措施是在黄河北岸筑长堤,在黄河南岸疏浚河道,使河水主要行经在黄河故道一线。明代后期(1506-1644年)黄河水患转移到河南、山东、南直隶三省的交界之地,河道在归德与徐州间南北滚动、忽东忽西,形成多支岔流,决口漫溢发生,济宁至淮安间的运道时通时塞;治黄保漕的重心区也转移到此段运河,开挖新运河以避黄河水患与加固黄河下游两岸大堤以"束水攻沙",成为治黄保漕的主要举措。然而,黄河含沙量大的自然属性以及黄河中游水土流失严重的问题,在当时的治河技术条件下,不可能根治黄河水患。有明一代,黄河水患与治黄保漕相始终。
[Abstract]:In the Ming Dynasty, the Yellow River had almost no years of disaster, with a wide range of disasters covering the central and eastern parts of Henan, northwest and southwest Shandong, and the northern part of southern Zhili. In the early Ming Dynasty, 1368-1505, the Yellow River flood mainly occurred in Kaifeng, Henan Province. One branch of the north flow of the Yellow River not only affects the smooth flow of the Zhangqiu Canal in Shandong Province, but also causes the shortage of water in the Yellow River section below Xuzhou. The center of gravity of the Yellow River protection channel lies in blocking the north of the Yellow River and removing the threat of the Yellow River flood to the Zhangqiu Canal. The main measures to control the Yellow River are to build a long embankment on the north bank of the Yellow River and to dredge the river on the south bank of the Yellow River, so that the river will mainly pass through the main line of the old Yellow River. In the late Ming Dynasty, the flood disaster of the Yellow River was transferred to the border areas of Henan, Shandong, and South Zhili provinces. The river course rolled north and south between Guide and Xuzhou, and suddenly east and west, forming many branches of fork flow, the crevasse overflowed, and the transportation channel from Jining to Huai'an was filled with traffic jams. The center of gravity of the Yellow River and Baocao was also transferred to this section of the canal. Digging a new canal to avoid the flood of the Yellow River and strengthening the embankment of the lower reaches of the Yellow River in order to "harness water and attack sand" has become the main measure to control the Yellow River and protect the canal. However, the natural property of the high sediment content of the Yellow River and the serious problems of soil and water loss in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, Under the condition of river control technology at that time, it was impossible to cure the Yellow River flood at all times.
【作者单位】：河南省社会科学院历史与考古研究所;
【基金】：2010年国家社会科学基金资助项目“古代黄河中下游地区生态环境变迁与城镇兴衰研究”(项目号:10CZS039) 国家科技基础性研究专项基金“中国运河图志编研”(项目号:2014FY210900)
【分类号】：K248

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