董仲舒君主观念研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 01:26

本文选题：董仲舒　切入点：君主观念　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2004年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：董仲舒的君主观念在中国政治思想史上占有十分重要的地位。本文围绕这一题目展开论述。全文共分六章。第一章是导论。在这一章里着重论述了两个方面的问题：董仲舒君主观念产生的历史背景和董仲舒君主观念的思想来源。任何一种思想的产生都来自于社会现实的需要，同时由于社会生活是延续不断的，因而任何一种思想都有其历史的渊源和未来发展的空间。董仲舒的思想也不例外。本章首先论述了董仲舒思想产生的历史背景，从战国时期的诸侯争霸，到平民刘邦登基，这期间发生的许多历史事件都和君主紧密相关，促使人们加深了对君主的研究，这是董仲舒君主观念产生的历史背景。而先秦儒家和其他诸子的君主观念是董仲舒君主观念的思想源泉。第二章是董仲舒对君天关系的认识。本章共分两节，第一节通过论述董仲舒的天的性质和属性，树立起天的至上权威，为树立君主在人间的至上权威打下了基础。第二节主要论述了君权神授的问题，从而奠定了君主在人间的至上权威。本章是以下各章展开论述的前提。第三章论述了董仲舒的君民观。文章首先论述了先秦时期人们对君民关系的探讨历程，从而把董仲舒的君民观置入一个历史的过程进行研究。通过本章的论述可以看出董仲舒对儒家君民观的继承和发展。“屈民而伸君”变成了事实上的“屈君而伸民”，但民始终没能摆脱社会最低层的地位。第四章论述了董仲舒的君臣观。君臣观是历代儒家及其他学派探讨的重点问题，君尊臣卑是各家学派的共识，同时也是董仲舒君臣观的灵魂。因此文章一开始就论述了君尊臣卑的一般性原则。但董仲舒又认为，在实际的政治运作中，臣的作用是不可低估的，军国大政等日常事务毕竟要由臣来具体完成，因此，地位的高低与社会作用的大小并不一致，所以他呼吁君主要为臣子的奋发有为创造环境。除此之外，还论述了君臣关系的一些灵活性原则，显示出董仲舒君臣观的独到之处。第五章主要论述了君主应具备的“德”。按照儒家的学说，君主的圣明与否，多从道德的角度进行界定。本章着重论述了君主为什么要加强自身的道德修养，怎样加强道德修养，再加上处理君民关系、君臣关系的能力，最终完成了一个理想君主的塑造过程。第六章主要论述了对君权的限制问题。限制君权的思想由来己久，方式多样，但真正把限制君权的思想上升到理论高度的是董仲舒。他以天为支撑，以阴阳为框架，刘一限制君权的天谴说和道义约束说作了理论上的阐述。综上所述，本文从六个方面对董仲舒的君主观念进行了论述，突出了其君主观念对先秦各家君主观念的继承和发展，展示了其君主观念在儒家君主观念流变过程中承前启后的历史地位。当然，，董仲舒的君主观念内容十分丰富，文中所论，仅涉及了其中的部分。尽管如此该项研究仍然开创了思想研究的新领域，填补了对董仲舒政治思想研究的空白。
[Abstract]:The concept of Dong Zhongshu's monarchy occupies a very important position in the history of Chinese political thought. This article discusses this topic. The full text is divided into six chapters.
The first chapter is the introduction. In this chapter focuses on two aspects: the historical background of the concept of Prince Dong Zhongshu and Dong Zhongshu monarch thought source. The creation of any kind of thought from the social reality, because social life is a continuation of broken, so any kind of thought has its historical origin and development space in the future. Dong Zhongshu's thought is not an exception. This chapter first discusses the historical background of Dong Zhongshu thought, from the Warring States period of feudal hegemony, to civilian Liu Bang ascended the throne, many historical events occurred during this period are closely related to the monarch and encourage people to deepen research on the kings. This is the historical background of Dong Zhongshu monarch. Pre Qin Confucian and other philosophers of the monarch is the source of thinking of Dong Zhongshu monarch.
The second chapter is Dong Zhongshu's understanding of Jun day relations. This chapter is divided into two sections, the first section through the nature and property of the discussion of Dong Zhongshu's day, the day of the supreme authority, to establish the monarch laid a foundation in the world's highest authority. The second section mainly discusses the problem of the divine right of kings, which laid the foundation of the king the world's highest authority. This chapter is the following chapters of the premise.
The third chapter discusses Dong Zhongshu's monarch concept. This article first discusses the history of the pre Qin period of the relationship between monarch and people, thus the Dong Zhongshu monarch concept of placement of a historical process. The discussion in this chapter shows the inheritance and development of Dong Zhongshu to the Confucian gentleman people view. "Aggrieved people out the king" became the de facto "Qu Jun and the extension of the people", but people always can't get rid of the lowest social status.
The fourth chapter discusses Dong Zhongshu's his view. The view is a key problem to explore the ancient Confucianism and other schools, Royal courtiers is the school's consensus, Dong Zhongshu is also the view of the soul. So at the beginning, discusses the general principle of Royal courtiers. But Dong Zhongshu also thought that in the actual the political operation, his role is not to be underestimated, the military government and other daily affairs after all by Chen to complete, therefore, the level of social status and role of the size is not consistent, so he called for the monarch
Courtiers. In addition to be enthusiastic and press on to create the environment, also discusses some principles of the relationship between the flexibility,
Dong Zhongshu shows his view of originality.
The fifth chapter mainly discusses the monarch should have "Virtue". According to the Confucian doctrine, and wise monarch
This chapter focuses on the reason why the monarch should strengthen his own way.
How to strengthen the moral cultivation, moral cultivation, dealing with the relationship between monarch and people, the relationship between the ability of the final
The molding process of an ideal monarch was completed.
The sixth chapter mainly discusses the limitation of the power of the emperor. The thought of power restriction has a long history, the way
Diversity, but really the power restriction thought to rise to the level of theory is Dong Zhongshu. He is supported in days,
Yin and Yang as the framework, Liu a scourge and the moral constraints of power restriction that discussed theoretical.
To sum up, this article discusses Dong Zhongshu's monarchy from six aspects, and highlights it.
The idea of monarchy inherited and developed the ideas of the monarchs in the pre Qin period, showing the idea of monarchy in the Confucian monarchy.
The historical position of the past in the process of concept rheology, of course, the content of Dong Zhongshu's monarchy is very abundant.
Rich, in the context of the article, only involves a part of it. However, the study still creates an idea.
The new field of research fills the gap in the study of Dong Zhongshu's political thought.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K234

【引证文献】