秦汉农学文献研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 16:55

本文选题：秦汉农学　切入点：农学文献　出处：《河南大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 秦汉时期是我国传统农学的发展和逐步成熟时期,其在中国农学整个体系中起到承上启下的关键性作用。秦汉农学上承先秦农学“三才”理论的精粹并对它加以发展创新,奠定了我国古代北方旱地精耕细作的技术基础。秦汉农学又对后世农学的发展产生了重要影响:经济重心南移之后的中国农学在秦汉农学奠定的基础上,向更广的范围、更深的程度发展,使中国农学体系更加完善,分科更加细化。反映秦汉农学发展状况的农学文献大体的分布是:各代正史《艺文志》、《经籍志》中著录的专业性农书;分散在秦汉其他典籍中的相关农学文献,如《淮南子》、《论衡》中就包含有丰富的农学思想、农学知识的内容;出土的简牍文献中也包含有大量的农学资料,如《睡虎地秦墓竹简》中的《田律》、《居延汉简》中的农学文献资料和《敦煌悬泉汉简》中的《四时月令诏条》等内容。史书《艺文志》、《经籍志》中著录的秦汉时期专业性农书至今均以亡佚,现仅有《l>胜之书》和《四民月令》两个辑佚本。学者对这两本农书的研究多仅限于其中具体的农业生产技术,对其农业技术之外的价值未进行深入挖掘。《l>胜之书》、《四民月令》除具有较高的农学价值外还具有一定的文献学价值。在体例上,《l>胜之书》奠定了我国传统农书中综合性农书体例的基础;《四民月令》则奠定了月令体农书的体例基础。在史料价值上,这两本农书也有关于农业经济史、农业教育史等资料可供进一步发掘和研究。秦汉农书失传有多方面原因,其中与时代背景联系较为紧密的有三个方面原因:秦汉“重农”思想背后蕴藏着“鄙农”观念;秦汉农书未能弥补中国科技重技术、轻理论的缺陷;秦汉农书的载体、流传方式具有时代局限性。秦汉较为分散的农学文献涉及的范围极其广泛,基本上涵盖了秦汉农学的各个方面,其中有反映秦汉生态环境状况、农田水利兴修情况、农业生产水平、农业农谚的文献记载等。我们把仅有的两个秦汉农书辑佚本和分散在史书中的相关农学文献结合起来之后,基本能从整体上把握秦汉时期农学、农业生产的发展状况。当然,秦汉时期还有相当一些有关农学的资料未能记载和保存下来,我们要了解这方面的相关情况还有必要结合已出土的考古材料,并有待于新的考古材料的出土。
[Abstract]:The period of Qin and Han dynasties is the period of the development and gradual maturity of Chinese traditional agronomy, which plays a key role in the whole system of Chinese agronomy, which inherits the essence of the theory of "three talents" of pre-Qin agronomy and develops and innovates it. The agronomy of Qin and Han dynasties had an important influence on the development of later agronomy: after the economic center moved to the south, Chinese agronomy, based on the foundation of agricultural science of Qin and Han dynasties, moved to a wider range. A deeper degree of development, so that China's agricultural system more perfect, more detailed division. The general distribution of agronomic documents reflecting the development of agricultural science in Qin and Han dynasties is: the official history of each generation, the history of art, the specialized agricultural books recorded in the Book of Classics, and the related agricultural literature scattered in other books of the Qin and Han dynasties. For example, in Huainan Zi, there are abundant agronomical ideas and knowledge of agronomy, and there is also a large amount of agronomic data in the literature of bamboo slips unearthed. For example, the "Tian Law" in the bamboo slips of the Qin Dynasty tomb in Shuihudi, the agronomical documents in the bamboo slips of the Qin Dynasty in Juyan Han slips, and the "Shushiyue Dingzhao" in the "Han slips of Xuanquan in Dunhuang". The specialized agricultural books of this year have so far been lost. At present, there are only two lost books, the Book of Victory and the Book of the Moon of the four people. Scholars' research on these two agricultural books is limited to the specific agricultural production techniques. The value of its agricultural technology has not been deeply excavated. < l > the Book of Victory. "the four people's Moon order" has a certain value of documentation in addition to its higher agronomic value. In terms of style, < l > the Book of Victory has laid the foundation of the traditional agricultural books of our country. On the basis of the comprehensive style of agricultural books, the "four people's Moon order" lays the foundation of the style of "the four people's Moon". In terms of historical material value, These two agricultural books also have information on the history of agricultural economy and agricultural education, which can be further explored and studied. There are many reasons for the loss of the agricultural books in the Qin and Han dynasties. Among them, there are three reasons closely related to the background of the times: the idea of "despicable agriculture" exists behind the thought of "emphasizing agriculture" in the Qin and Han dynasties; the books of the peasants of the Qin and Han dynasties fail to make up for the defects of Chinese science and technology over the theory, and the carrier of the books of the peasants of the Qin and Han dynasties. The way of spreading has the limitation of the times. The relatively scattered agricultural literature of the Qin and Han dynasties covers an extremely wide range, basically covering all aspects of agricultural science in the Qin and Han dynasties, including reflecting the ecological environment of the Qin and Han dynasties, the construction of irrigation and water conservancy, and the level of agricultural production. After combining the only two agricultural books collected from the Qin and Han dynasties and the relevant agronomic documents scattered in the historical books, we can basically grasp the development of agricultural science and agricultural production in the Qin and Han dynasties on the whole. Of course, In the Qin and Han dynasties there are still quite a few agricultural materials which can not be recorded and preserved. It is necessary to combine the archaeological materials that have been unearthed in this respect and to unearth the new archaeological materials.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：S-09;K232

【引证文献】