唐代长安、沙州、西州三地胡汉民众佛教信奉研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 10:04

  本文选题：唐代　切入点：长安　出处：《中央民族大学》2010年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 本文通过综合运用史料和出土文献对唐代长安、西州、沙州等地区胡汉民众的佛教信奉进行描述、分析、比较研究,目的旨在揭示三地胡汉民众在接受佛教、信奉的过程中有什么地区或民族的差别。民众的宗教信奉属于宗教社会史研究的范畴,着眼点是针对某一地域胡汉民众的佛教信仰展开。其核心是关注神灵体系、宗教派别以及佛教对民众生活的影响等几个方面。 导论部分首先对本选题的意义及预期目标作了叙述,认为宗教社会史研究将是学界以后研究的热点,同时由于专业要求,选择了胡汉民众的佛教信奉作为论文研究方向。其次对该选题的研究现状作了简要介绍,发现对唐代胡汉民众佛教信奉研究的相关论文和专著并不多,这也增加了该选题的难度。第三介绍了研究方法,主要是运用历史学的研究方法,即通过文献资料和出土文书进行论述。第四对研究可能出现的问题作了简要介绍,并对之提出了应对方法。 第一章是关于长安地区胡汉民众佛教信奉的研究。首先,第一节对长安地区的地理情况和民族构成加以概述,第二节则运用了全唐文、唐代墓志以及唐人笔记小说等文献资料分别对汉人民众和胡人民众的佛教信奉进行了阐述,包括信仰的神祗、信仰的佛教宗派、诵念的佛教经典及佛教对民间社会生活的影响；第三节对胡汉民众佛教信奉中的异教影响作了阐述分析,以期对民众的宗教信奉有更深入了解。 第二章与第一章体例相似,所不同点在于运用的资料不同,本章运用了敦煌出土文献和今人编著的愿文集,从敦煌民众的祈佛愿文并辅之以写经题记和供养人题记来分析唐代沙州地区胡汉民众的佛教信奉,同样包括沙州民众所信仰的佛教神祗、信仰的宗派、诵念的经典等,并论述了佛教对当地民众社会生活的影响。 第三章由于涉及唐代高昌地区,地处偏远,相关文献资料不多,因此不能按前两章的体例去分析西州民众的佛教信奉,只是概述了当地汉人和胡人民众的佛教信奉,并将之以高昌回鹘建国为界分为两个时期论述。此外还论述了其他宗教对民众佛教信奉的影响,以期更好地了解唐代西州民众的宗教信仰。 宗教可以分为制度化宗教和非制度化宗教两类,对于普通民众来说,并不在意佛教神祗有多么众多,经典有多么浩瀚,宗派有多么复杂,他们信仰的出发点无外乎实用。特定的神祗、经典、宗派在胡汉民众中之所以流行也是因为它们能够满足民众对生活的种种特定诉求和美好期望。由此可见,唐代胡汉民众的佛教信奉有很强的功利性和实用性色彩,这也说明了佛教由出世走向入世,在教义和教理方面所做的改造是其在唐代广受民众崇信的重要原因。 本文通过对三地胡汉民众佛教信奉的研究,初步证明虽然三地民众的族性存在着诸多差别,也有地区、环境等方面的差异,但在信奉中所体现出来的趋同性则远远大于他们的族性差别,换句话说,三地胡人所信奉的佛教与汉人而言,本质上有相同性,这似乎说明汉文化的影响所导致的胡人汉化,应当是信奉趋同的主要原因。
[Abstract]:In this paper, through the comprehensive use of historical records and unearthed literature of the Tang Dynasty in Changan, West Virginia, a comparative study of desert areas such as Hu and Han people believe in Buddhism, description, analysis, aims to reveal the three Hu and Han people in Buddhism, what is the regional or national difference in the process. The public religion belongs to the study of religion the social history, the focus is on a regional Buddhist belief of the Hu and Han peoples. Its core is the concern of gods system, several aspects of religious sects and Buddhism Influence on people's life.
The first part of the meaning of the topic and the target are discussed, that the social history of religion will be after the academic research focus, at the same time as the professional requirements, the choice of Hu and Han people in the belief of Buddhism as the research direction. Secondly, briefly introduced the research status of the topic, that is not much of the Tang Dynasty Hu Han people related papers and Monographs on Buddhism belief, which also increases the difficulty of the topic. The third introduces the research method, mainly by using research methods of history, through the literature and unearthed documents on the fourth. Possible problems of the study are briefly introduced, and put forward the way to deal with.
The first chapter is about the research on Buddhism believes Hu and Han people in Changan area. Firstly, the first section of the Changan geographical and ethnic composition of the second section, using the full tang, the epitaph of the Tang Dynasty Novels and literature of Han people and the people of all Hu in the belief of Buddhism were introduced, including faith of gods, Buddhist sects, recite Buddhist scriptures and the influence of Buddhism on the life of civil society; the third section presents the analysis of Hu and Han people believe in Buddhism pagan influence to people's religious faith has a more in-depth understanding.
The second chapter with the first chapter style is similar to that of the difference lies in the use of the data, this chapter uses the Dunhuang unearthed documents and modern edited anthology from the Dunhuang people's wish, pray Buddha prayer with Sutra inscriptions and support the inscription to analyze the desert area of the Tang Dynasty Hu and Han people in the belief of Buddhism, including the same. People believe in Buddhism belief in gods, sects, recite classics, and discusses the influence of Buddhism on local people's social life.
The third chapter Gaochang area due to the remoteness of the Tang Dynasty, the relevant literature is not much, so not according to the style of the former two chapters to analyze the state of western people in the belief of Buddhism, is a summary of the local people Hu and Han people in the belief of Buddhism and will, to the Gaochang Uighur community is divided into about two periods. In addition, discusses the influence of religion on the other people believe in Buddhism, in order to better understand the Tang Dynasty West, religious beliefs of the people.
Religion can be divided into religion, institutional religion and non institutionalized two categories, for ordinary people, do not care how many Buddhist gods, the classic how vast, sectarian how complex, their starting point is the practical of the religions. Specific gods, classic, sectarian is popular in the Hu and Han people also because they can meet people of life with all the specific demands and expectations. Thus, Hu Han's Buddhism belief has a strong utilitarian color, it also shows that the Buddhism from birth to WTO, the transformation in the religious doctrine and principles is an important reason for its popular in the Tang Dynasty the people of Chongxin.
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