唐代宦官与佛教研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 16:15

本文选题：唐代　切入点：宦官　出处：《湘潭大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 宦官是中国历史上一个特殊的阶层。宦官在宫廷内侍奉皇族,与君主制度紧密联系在一起。唐代宦官在佛教发展史上扮演了重要的角色。由于宦官活跃于内廷,他们与皇帝的关系甚为密切,因而,其宗教信仰就不会是纯粹的个人行为,必然与皇帝,甚而与整个朝廷政局都有重大关系。本文试图探讨唐代宦官集团的佛教信仰情况及其与朝廷大政的关系。唐代宦官奉佛者甚众。在传统文献和墓志中,常常可以见到唐代宦官奉佛事迹的记载,包括建寺造像、起塔、建经幢等活动。这些活动,由于有大宦官的积极参与和推动,对宦官奉佛的影响相当深远。推究其原因,佛典教理的吸引、唐代的社会浓厚的佛教氛围和宦官的家庭出身等,从主观和客观两个方面深深地影响了宦官的人生观和世界观,是宦官奉佛的动力和成因。宦官奉佛与唐朝政治有极为密切的关系。宦官在佛教信仰中所扮演的社会角色,随着其自身权势的扩展,又逐渐对唐朝政治造成了一定影响。中唐以后,朝廷在京师设置了功德使,宦官通过担任功德使等职务,直接插手佛教事务的管理,攫取了宗教管理权,而宦官与朝廷的紧张关系,集中爆发于会昌法难。除此之外,唐代宦官与僧人之间也结下了不解之缘。随着出纳帝命和宗教信仰的需要,宦官与僧人尤其是高僧的接触逐渐频繁,关系也逐渐密切。他们深入译场、供养家僧、参禅问道、推荐僧人至京城寺院、在重大政治事件中保护僧人等,在这种与僧人的密切接触中,宦官不仅为自己的信仰带来便利,而且必然会用自己手中的权力和所有的便利条件为僧人提供方便。除此以外,宦官对佛教的护持,还有政治和经济上的好处。因此,宦官通过与僧人的接触也间接地影响了佛教的发展。
[Abstract]:Eunuchs are a special class in Chinese history. Eunuchs serve the royal family in the palace and are closely related to the monarch system. Eunuchs in the Tang Dynasty played an important role in the history of Buddhism. Because eunuchs were active in the inner court, Their relationship with the emperor was so close that their religious beliefs would not be purely personal, but necessarily with the emperor, This paper attempts to discuss the Buddhist belief of the eunuch group in the Tang Dynasty and its relationship with the great government of the court. In the traditional literature and epitaph, we can often see the records of the deeds of the eunuchs in the Tang Dynasty, including the construction of temples, pagodas and scriptures, etc. These activities have the active participation and promotion of the great eunuchs. The influence of Buddhism on eunuchs is very profound. The reason, the attraction of Buddhist teachings, the strong Buddhist atmosphere of Tang Dynasty and the family background of eunuchs have deeply influenced the outlook on life and world outlook of eunuchs from subjective and objective aspects. It is the power and cause of eunuchs to worship Buddha. Eunuchs' worship of Buddhism was closely related to the politics of Tang Dynasty. The social role played by eunuchs in Buddhist belief gradually influenced the politics of Tang Dynasty with the expansion of their own power. The court set up a meritorious officer in the capital. Eunuchs directly intervened in the management of Buddhist affairs and seized the right of religious management by acting as meritorious emissaries. The tense relationship between eunuchs and the court broke out in the Huichang law. In addition, the relationship between eunuchs and monks in the Tang Dynasty was also inextricably linked. With the demands of the cashier emperor and religious beliefs, the contacts between eunuchs and monks, especially senior monks, became more frequent and close. They went deep into the field to provide for the monks. Shen Chan asked, recommending monks to go to temples in the capital, protect monks in major political events, and so on. In this close contact with monks, eunuchs not only bring convenience to their own beliefs, And will certainly use their power and all the conveniences to facilitate the monks. Besides, the eunuchs' protection of Buddhism also has political and economic benefits. Therefore, Eunuchs also indirectly influenced the development of Buddhism through contact with monks.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K242

【参考文献】