明清时期少林寺与少林武术研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 14:33

本文选题：明清　切入点：少林寺　出处：《河南大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 明清时期是嵩山少林寺由盛转衰的重要时期,在少林寺和少林武术发展史上占有突出地位。明了这一时期少林寺和少林武术的发展历程对提高其知名度之意义不言而喻。本文采取“前推后续”和文表相结合等研究方法,勾勒了少林寺和少林武术的发展历史、明代少林寺住持事迹和清代对少林寺营建概况。更重要的是对明代少林寺频加营建的深层原因和清统治者对少林寺政策的演变作了深入探讨,试图通过对明清时期少林寺和少林武术盛衰概况的勾勒及深层原因的探讨揭明其生存发展的特殊规律。全文由三部分组成: 第一部分,简要勾勒明代以前嵩山少林寺的发展轨迹。嵩山少林寺始创于北魏孝文帝太和二十年(496),建寺伊始即与武术结下不解之缘。并武以寺名,寺因武显。建寺后少林寺兴衰不定。第二部分,详细描述明代少林寺和少林武术的繁盛,并探究其深层原因。明统治者对佛教执行扶持为主,限制为辅的宗教政策。就嵩山少林寺而言,因少林武僧屡次浴血疆场为明统治者排忧解难,故政府与其关系密切,对少林寺的营建此伏彼起,扶持色彩尤为明显。加之民间力量也大力支持寺院的营建,少林寺获空前发展而达至极盛。此期少林武术也获巨大发展。明中后期各种矛盾突出,内忧外患交织,这为少林武术大显身手提供了契机;而此期商业日渐繁荣,商人异常活跃,在频繁的商业活动中存在的一些不安全因素,也极大刺激了人们对少林武术的需求。因而此期的少林武术在报效国家和服务民间的广阔空间中得以迅速发展,并东传日本,达至极盛;同时人们对少林武术的认识也由感性上升至理性,对少林武术发展加以提炼总结的著述纷呈,可谓少林武术传播发展的黄金期。第三部分,概括清代少林寺和少林武术的渐衰式微,并分析其深层原因,着重分析清代统治者对少林寺态度的微妙变化。因清初少林寺容纳故明遗民并与民间反清秘密势力时有来往,大触清统治者所忌,故清统治者对其心存怨尤,猜忌防范。不仅前期对少林寺鲜有营建,而且有清一代对其武术活动多予掣肘,切断了少林武术生存发展的政治途径。虽然后来清统治者基于稳固其统治的考虑对少林寺的冷淡态度有所转变,并对其加以营建,但并没有改变猜忌防犯的牢笼政策基调;再者,此期对少林武术加以升华的理论著作也较明代稀少;后又因受中国近代化因素尤其是人们思想觉悟和文化素养提高的影响,武术的社会功用日弱,嵩山少林寺和少林武术因重要的民间生存发展市场日益萎缩而逐渐衰落。最后,对全文主要结论作了总结。指出自建寺后,少林寺与历代的政治、经济和社会因素密切相关,兴衰不定,少林寺的兴衰是当时社会变迁的一种反映。从明清两代少林寺和少林武术不同的生存发展状况可以看出,明代是少林寺和少林武术生存发展的繁盛期,而清代却是其渐衰期。少林寺和少林武术的兴衰与这一时期的政治、经济和社会因素密切相关,是当时社会变迁的一种折射。
[Abstract]:During the Ming and Qing Dynasties , the Songshan Shaolin Temple is an important period in the development of Shaolin Temple and Shaolin Wushu . It is clear that the development course of Shaolin Temple and Shaolin martial arts in this period is of great significance to improve its popularity .

This paper discusses the development history of Shaolin Temple and Shaolin martial arts and the general situation of Shaolin Temple in Ming Dynasty . It is more important to explore the deep reason and the evolution of Shaolin Temple policy in Ming and Qing Dynasties , and try to reveal the special law of the development of Shaolin Temple and Shaolin Wushu during Ming and Qing Dynasties .

The full text consists of three parts :

The first part is brief outline of the development track of Songshan Shaolin Temple before Ming Dynasty .

The Songshan Shaolin Temple was founded in the two decades ( 496 ) of the Emperor of Wei , Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty . The temple was established at the beginning of the construction of the temple .

The second part describes the prosperity of Shaolin Temple and Shaolin Wushu in Ming Dynasty , and probes into its deep reason .

In the case of Songshan Shaolin Temple , the government has close relations with the construction of Shaolin Temple , which is especially obvious to the construction of Shaolin Temple .

This period of Shaolin martial arts has also been greatly developed . During the middle and late period of Ming and middle period , various contradictions are outstanding , the inner worry and the outside are intertwined , which provides an opportunity for Shaolin Wushu to develop and develop rapidly . Therefore , the Shaolin martial arts in this period can be rapidly developed in the vast space of the country and the service folk . Therefore , the recognition of Shaolin Wushu is also promoted to reason by the sensibility , and the author ' s summary of Shaolin Wushu development is also a golden period of the development of Shaolin Wushu .

The third part , summarizes the decline of Shaolin Temple and Shaolin Wushu in Qing Dynasty , analyzes its deep reason , and analyzes the subtle changes of Qing Dynasty rulers to Shaolin Temple .

After the Qing Dynasty , the Ming Dynasty made a great deal of criticism to Shaolin Temple and cut off the political way of the development of Shaolin martial arts . Although the Qing rulers had changed the cold and light attitude of Shaolin Temple in the early period , and had not changed the political way to develop the survival of Shaolin Wushu , the author also had not changed the political way to develop the survival and development of Shaolin Wushu .

Finally , the main conclusions of the whole text are summarized .

It is pointed out that after the self - built temple , Shaolin Temple is closely related to the political , economic and social factors of the past dynasties , and the rise and decline of Shaolin Temple is a reflection of the social change at that time . It can be seen that the Ming Dynasty is the prosperous period of the survival and development of Shaolin Temple and Shaolin Wushu .

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：G852;K248;K249

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