论熙宁变法和宋辽划界

发布时间：2018-04-25 04:38

本文选题：熙宁变法 + 宋辽划界　；参考：《东北师范大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：熙宁变法是北宋乃至中国历史上的一件大事,而熙宁年间的宋辽划界则是发生在变法期间宋辽关系史上的一件大事,本文所论述的就是这两件事之间相互影响、互为因果的关系。自北宋“元yP更化”以来,不但熙宁变法的措施和取得的成果被全盘否定,王安石更是背上了“割地弃土”、“祸国殃民”等千古罪名。这种观点一直被后世王朝所接受,被正史所认可。直到近代,才有人为王安石变法平反,如:清人蔡上翔,近代的梁启超等,都从感性的角度为王安石作了一番争辩。但是他们都没有注意到“宋辽划界”与“熙宁变法”的关系;在划界过程中王安石、宋神宗分别扮演的角色和所起的作用;以及王安石等人背负所有罪名的深层次原因。本文以大量史实为依据,通过例证、对比、逻辑推理等方法,全面阐述整个事件的背景、历史过程、相互关系等,借以挖掘整个事件的深层次原因,还历史以本来面貌,作为今天的历史借鉴。通过研究,我们在复杂的历史事件中理出以下几条脉络: 1.“宋辽划界”与“熙宁变法”相互影响、互为因果的关系:熙宁变法是宋辽划界的诱因,辽朝借划界试探北宋君臣的政治意图以及北宋的国力军力。但是“割地弃土”的最根本的原因则是北宋王朝的对辽妥协;熙宁变法因划界事件而遭受沉重打击,严重挫伤了北宋君臣变法的意志和决心。 2.王安石和宋神宗在“宋辽划界”与“熙宁变法”事件的不同时段,所扮演的角色和所起的作用:熙宁变法初期王安石起主要作用,随着宋神宗的帝王之道日益成熟,王安石被逐渐孤立。从时间上看,王安石在划界谈判进行的时候,已经不在宋神宗的权力中心内了,他的意见不可能左右宋辽划界的结果;此时的宋神宗各方面日趋成熟,完全有能力掌握变法和谈判。因此,宋神宗才是在划界事件中起主导作用的人,割地弃土的千古罪名不该由王安石来背负。 3.宋神宗作为北宋比较有作为的皇帝,一直以英明神武,励精图治著称,不允许有人怀疑他,但是“划界弃地”这样的大事必须要有人承担责任,于是在当时党争激烈,变法派失势的情况下,王安石成了替罪羊。 “俱往矣”,历史毕竟是已经发生过的事情,但它是我们解决现实问题的借鉴。我国现在深化改革,扩大开放的关键时期,同时也处在复杂的国际环境之中,如何坚持发展经济,缓解各方面矛盾,解决实际问题是一个需要深刻思索的课题。
[Abstract]:Xining reform is a major event in the history of the Northern Song Dynasty and even China, while the demarcation of the Song and Liao dynasties during the Xining period is a major event in the history of the Song and Liao relations during the reform period. A causal relationship. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, not only the measures and achievements of Xining reform have been completely denied, but Wang Anshi has also been accused of "cutting land and abandoning soil" and "bringing disaster to the country and the people" and so on. This view has been accepted by later dynasties, recognized by the official history. It was not until the modern times that Wang Anshi was vindicated, such as Cai Shangxiang, the Qing Dynasty, and Liang Qichao in modern times, all of whom argued from an emotional point of view for Wang Anshi. However, they did not notice the relationship between "Song Liao Delimitation" and "Xining Reform"; the roles and roles played by Wang Anshi and Song Shenzong respectively in the demarcation process; and the deep-seated causes of all the charges borne by Wang Anshi and others. Based on a large number of historical facts, by means of illustration, comparison and logical reasoning, this paper comprehensively expounds the background, historical process, and mutual relations of the whole event, so as to dig out the deep-seated causes of the whole event and to make the history take its original appearance. As a reference for today's history. Through our research, we have drawn the following thread from the complex historical events: 1. The relationship between "Song Liao Delimitation" and "Xining Reform" affects each other and causes each other: Xining Reform is the inducement of Song and Liao demarcation. The Liao Dynasty tries to test the political intention of the monarch and the military power of the Northern Song Dynasty. However, the most fundamental reason for "cutting land and abandoning soil" is the compromise of the Northern Song Dynasty to the Liao Dynasty, and the Xining Reform suffered a heavy blow because of the demarcation incident, which seriously frustrated the will and determination of the Northern Song Dynasty monarch and minister to reform. 2. The roles and roles played by Wang Anshi and Song Shenzong in different periods of the "demarcation of the boundaries of the Song Dynasty" and the "Xining Reform": at the beginning of the Xining Reform, Wang Anshi played a major role, and as the imperial way of Song Shenzong became more and more mature, Wang Anshi was gradually isolated. From the point of view of time, Wang Anshi was no longer in the power center of Song Shenzong when the demarcation negotiations were going on, and his opinions could not influence the result of the demarcation of the Song and Liao dynasties. At this time, all aspects of Song Shenzong were becoming more and more mature. Complete ability to master reform and negotiation. Therefore, Song Shenzong played a leading role in the demarcation, and Wang Anshi should not have been responsible for the ancient crime of cutting land and abandoning soil. 3. Song Shenzong, as the emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, was always famous for being wise and wise and meritorious. No one was allowed to suspect him. However, people had to take responsibility for such major events as "demarcation and abandonment of land." so there was a fierce dispute among the party at that time. Wang Anshi became a scapegoat in the face of the fall of the reformists. History is, after all, something that has happened, but it is a reference for us to solve practical problems. China is now in the crucial period of deepening reform and opening wider to the outside world. At the same time, it is also in the complex international environment. How to persist in developing economy, alleviate all kinds of contradictions and solve practical problems is a subject that needs to be deeply pondered.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K244

【引证文献】