从理想社会构思到社会政治实践——黄老思想与汉初政治

发布时间：2018-05-02 01:25

本文选题：正统道家 + 黄老思想　；参考：《西北大学》2003年博士论文

【摘要】： 黄老思想是被誉为中国传统文化之根的道家思想的重要组成部分，是道家学说在特定历史时期的结晶与升华，，在中国历史文化的发展进程中占有重要地位。黄老思想因顺时代之需，孕育、成说于稷下；奠基于《黄老帛书》；经《管子》四篇、《庄子》外杂篇、《文子》、《濾冠子》等著作的不断丰富与完善，遂成为战国中后期占主导地位的社会意识形态；又经《吕氏春秋》的政纲化改造，从而上升为秦汉之际的政治指导思想，并在汉初的社会政治实践中发挥了重大作用；《淮南子》在借鉴黄老思想社会政治实践的经验教训基础上，对其进行了更为全面、系统的理论总结，将黄老思想推向了自身发展历程中的顶峰。黄老思想“因阴阳之大顺，采儒墨之善，撮名法之要，与时迁移，应物变化，立俗施事，无所不宜，指约而易操，事少而功多”，是中国传统文化中的精华。它把正统道家从遁世主义转向了经世致用，从消极无为转变为积极有为。其兼采百家之长，“无为而无不为”的治世哲学；既重视遵从客观规律又强调充分发挥人的主观能动性的方法论；既承认事物的对立统一，又认识到对立面可以转化的辨证思维以及谦卑诚信、节俭省欲、慈惠爱人的伦理道德取向等等，无不闪烁着理性的光辉。在物质的、技术的、功利的追求占据了压倒一切统治地位而精神生活日益被忽视、被冷漠、被排斥与驱赶的状况下，人很有可能步入马尔库塞所说的单面人的误区，变异成为一种没有精神追求与情感生活的单纯的技术性和功利性动物的当今社会，将人们的灵魂从这种可怕的阴影笼罩之中拯救出来，使其免遭咀嚼，就成为时代的呐喊和摆在人文社科工作者面前的紧迫任务。对传统文化在进行反思的基础上加以继承与发扬光大，无疑对振奋民族精神，实现中华民族的伟大复兴具有重要意义。而对黄老思想这一传统文化中的瑰宝进行更进一步的深入发掘与研究，也必然会在这一民族复兴的伟大进程中发挥不可替代的积极作用。
[Abstract]:Huang Lao's thought is an important part of Taoist thought which is praised as the root of Chinese traditional culture. It is the crystallization and sublimation of Taoism in a specific historical period and plays an important role in the development of Chinese historical culture. Huang Lao's thought was conceived in accordance with the needs of the times and became a theory under Jixia; it was founded on "Huanglao silk book"; on the basis of "Guan Guan > four articles," Zhuangzi > foreign miscellaneous articles, "Wenzi >," filtering crown son "and so on, and continued to enrich and improve. Then it became the dominant social ideology in the middle and late warring States period, and was transformed by the political platform of Lu's Spring and Autumn period, thus rising to the political guiding ideology of the Qin and Han dynasties. In the early Han Dynasty, Huainan Zi made a more comprehensive and systematic theoretical summary on the basis of drawing lessons from Huang Lao's social and political practice. Huang Lao thought pushed to the peak of his own development course. Huang Lao's thought "because of the great consonance of Yin and Yang, the adoption of Confucianism and Mohist goodness, the need of a handful of names and methods, the transfer of things with the times, the establishment of custom to do things, nothing is not appropriate, refers to the contract but easy to operate, less and more meritorious", which is the essence of Chinese traditional culture. It turns orthodox Taoism from recluse to practical use, from passive inaction to positive and productive. It also adopts a hundred schools of expertise, "doing nothing but doing nothing", a philosophy of governing the world, emphasizing the methodology of obeying objective laws and giving full play to man's subjective initiative, and acknowledging the unity of opposites and the unity of things, It is also recognized that dialectical thinking that opposites can be transformed, humility and honesty, frugality and desire, and the ethical and moral orientation of benevolent lovers, all of which glitter with the radiance of reason. In a situation where the pursuit of material, technical and utilitarian interests occupies an overwhelming dominant position and the spiritual life is increasingly ignored, indifferent, excluded and driven out, one is likely to step into what Marcuse calls a one-sided human error. Mutating into a purely technical and utilitarian animal without spiritual pursuits and emotional life, saving people's souls from this terrible shadow from chewing, Become the cry of the times and put in the humanities and social science workers in front of the urgent task. Inheriting and carrying forward the traditional culture on the basis of reflection is undoubtedly of great significance to invigorating the national spirit and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The further exploration and study of Huang Lao's thought, the treasure of traditional culture, will certainly play an irreplaceable positive role in the great process of national rejuvenation.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：K234.1

【引证文献】