康熙朝中后期内务府商人赴日办铜的利润问题

发布时间：2018-05-25 19:06

本文选题：康熙朝中后期 + 内务府商人　；参考：《清史研究》2014年02期

【摘要】：利用中日史料中留存的相关数据,将1700年夏清内务府商人张鼎臣兄弟名下船只的赴日铜贸易活动作模拟还原后可知,当时商人们将以生丝和白砂糖这两个主要出口货物换回的日本铜按照国内税关的收购价售出,这个过程获得的利润要比张氏兄弟在奏折中向康熙帝宣称的30%要高得多,亦并非真如其所言,办铜一项上所获利润在支出"节省银"、高利贷利息等费用后,竟变得无利可图,而是在购铜成本,即早在大宗收购生丝等赴日贸易品花费上就已隐瞒了相当的利润。可以说,在1700年至1715年内务府商人承包办铜的十余年间,只要日本方面铜的供给量不发生大的下滑,那么铜这一商品将给这些"皇商"们带来长期稳定的高利润回报。但日本铜供给量不断下滑的事实,导致内务府商人在办铜后期积欠了大量的铜额。在此情况下,即便铜贸易本身仍有利可图,但作为清廷而言已必须要重新考虑变换办铜体制了。
[Abstract]:Using the relevant data stored in the Chinese and Japanese historical data, the trade activities of the Zhang Dingchen brothers of Zhang Dingchen brothers, the merchant of the mansion, of the summer Qing Dynasty, in 1700, are simulated and restored. At that time, the merchants sold the Japanese copper in exchange for the raw silk and white sugar, the two main export goods, in accordance with the domestic tax rate. It is not so much better than the 30% claim that the Zhang brothers declared to Emperor Kangxi in the memorials. It is not as good as what he said. After the cost of spending "saving silver" and interest on usury, the profits gained in the one item of copper have become unprofitable, but in the cost of buying copper, that is, a considerable profit has been concealed from the cost of buying raw silk as early as the bulk purchase of raw silk. It can be said that in the more than ten years of the period from 1700 to 1715, as long as the supply of copper in Japan did not decline greatly, the copper will bring long and stable high profit returns to these "emperor merchants". However, the fact that the supply of copper in Japan is declining has caused the internal affairs merchants to accumulate in the later period of copper. In this case, even if the copper trade itself is still profitable, as the Qing court, it is necessary to reconsider the transformation of the copper system.
【作者单位】：上海建桥学院外国语学院;
【分类号】：K249.2

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