季姬尊铭与西周兵民基层组织初探

发布时间：2018-05-28 05:18

本文选题：西周 + 金文　；参考：《人文杂志》2014年09期

【摘要】：有关周代基层军事组织情况古文献说法不一,新出土西周金文资料为我们提供了重要的有价值的史料。据季姬尊铭,西周时"国"中是以25家为一从事佃农生产的基层单位,其长官称"师夫",表明这又是一个基层军事组织,说明西周时国中实行的是兵农合一的制度。其佃农组织应是"五家为比,五比为闾"的组织结构;其军事组织是一家出兵一人,并以"五人为伍,五伍为两"的编制形式。"两"的长官《周礼》以为是"中士",而西周金文则仍称之为"师"或"师夫"。兵农合一之下的"师",既是农夫之长,又是军事长官;春夏秋是农业生产的长官,农隙和冬季是主管狩猎和军事演习的军事长官,遇到战争便率领这支小队伍加入某师的行伍之中成为正式编制的士兵。
[Abstract]:The ancient documents about the basic military organization in Zhou Dynasty are different, and the newly unearthed documents of the Jin Dynasty of the Western Zhou Dynasty provide us with important and valuable historical data. According to Ji Chun-ming, in the Western Zhou Dynasty, 25 units were employed in the production of sharecroppers, and their superiors called "Shifu", indicating that this was also a grass-roots military organization, indicating that in the Western Zhou Dynasty there was a system of military cooperation between soldiers and peasants. Its tenants' organization should be an organizational structure of "five families for ratio, five for Lu", and its military organization should be a military organization with "five men together and five times as two". " Zhou Li, two "officers, thought they were" sergeant ", while Jin Wen in Western Zhou still called" teacher "or" master husband ". The "division" under the joint military and agricultural cooperation is both a farmer and a military commander; the spring, summer and autumn is the chief of agricultural production; and the agricultural gap and winter are the military commanders in charge of hunting and military exercises. In the face of war, he led the unit to join a division and became an official soldier.
【作者单位】：陕西理工学院;陕西师范大学历史文化学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大招标项目“关中地区出土西周金文整理与研究”(12&ZD138)
【分类号】：K224;K877.3

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