两汉魏晋南北朝祥瑞灾异研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 16:31

本文选题：两汉魏晋南北朝 + 祥瑞灾异　；参考：《北京师范大学》2005年博士论文

【摘要】： 祥瑞灾异作为一种传统的政治理论与政治文化,较为深刻地影响了中国古代的政治与社会,其主要政治功能在于为君主专制统治的合法性与权威性服务。两汉魏晋南北朝时期是祥瑞灾异理论建构和普遍应用的阶段,祥瑞灾异对这一时期政治生活的各个方面产生了深刻影响。本文重点探讨的问题有: 第一,通过对先秦两汉魏晋南北朝有关文献的爬梳和整理,缕清祥瑞灾异思想的渊源、理论完善和升华的过程,以及魏晋南北朝时期人们对祥瑞灾异的不同理解和认识,力图揭示祥瑞灾异思想发展的脉络。第二,探讨两汉魏晋南北朝祥瑞灾异政治功能,这是文章的重点。从两汉到魏晋南北朝时期,祥瑞灾异的政治功能发生了明显的变化:两汉时期祥瑞灾异所蕴含的表彰有德和谴告人君的特点较为突出,是君主和大臣之间互相制约的一种工具;魏晋南北朝时期,祥瑞灾异更多应用于维护统治者的合法地位,为王朝易代和政权转换服务。围绕着这个基本线索,本文从祥瑞灾异与两汉魏晋南北朝的皇权政治以及皇位嬗替、政权更迭两个大方面展开讨论。另外,由于祥瑞灾异还经常被作为一种政治工具与手段,在统治阶级内部的权力争夺中得到广泛的运用。同时祥瑞灾异又经常被政权的反对者利用,一些政治野心家用来为谋反寻找借口、制造社会舆论,农民起义领袖则用来动员群众、鼓动民心。第三,作为一种政治文化,祥瑞灾异不仅影响了政治的运作和发展,而且渗透到了礼仪制度层面。这一时期不仅各种弥灾性礼仪以及宗庙祭祀乐都带有强烈的祥瑞灾异色彩,而且国家祀典封禅礼和祥瑞、谶纬之间也存在着密切的联系,祥瑞对封禅礼的形成、发展和完善过程产生了深刻的影响。第四,由于祥瑞灾异在封建王朝政治运作中的特殊功能和性质,所以历代王朝都十分重视,设置专门的机构与人员进行管理。在中央太常属官太史是祥瑞灾异事务的主管机构,另外还有许多关涉机构配合管理事务的协同运作,这些关涉机构涉及中央与地方的诸多部门。两汉魏晋南北朝时期祥瑞灾异管理体制的运行基本上包括信息的收集、现象的解释、事务的处理三个层次,其过程逐渐规范化和系统化,为隋唐时期祥瑞、灾异管理的制度化打下了基础。
[Abstract]:As a kind of traditional political theory and political culture, Xiangrui disaster has deeply influenced the politics and society of ancient China, and its main political function is to serve the legitimacy and authority of autocratic monarchy. The period of Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties was the stage of the construction and universal application of Xiangrui's theory of disaster, which had a profound influence on all aspects of political life in this period. The main issues discussed in this paper are as follows: First, through the crawling and sorting of the relevant documents of the Pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties, the origin of Xiangrui's different thoughts on disasters in the Qing Dynasty, the process of theoretical perfection and sublimation, as well as the different understandings and understandings of the Xiangrui disaster in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, Trying to reveal the development of Xiangrui different thoughts. Secondly, it is the focus of the article to discuss the political function of auspicious disaster in Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties. From the Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, the political function of the auspicious disaster changed obviously: in the Han Dynasty, the recognition of virtue and the punishment against the monarch were more prominent, which was a tool of mutual restriction between the monarch and the minister. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, Xiangrui disaster was more used to safeguard the legal status of rulers and serve the change of dynasties and regime. Around this basic clue, this paper discusses from two major aspects: Xiangrui disaster, imperial power politics of Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties, and regime change. In addition, because Xiangrui disaster is often used as a political tool and means, it is widely used in the struggle for power within the ruling class. At the same time, auspicious disasters are often used by regime opponents, some political ambitions to find excuses for the rebellion, to create public opinion, the leaders of peasant uprisings are used to mobilize the masses and encourage the people. Thirdly, as a kind of political culture, auspicious disaster not only affects the operation and development of politics, but also penetrates into the level of etiquette system. During this period, not only all kinds of ceremony of disaster indemnification and the music of sacrificial sacrifice at the temple had a strong color of auspiciousness and disaster, but also there was a close connection between the state sacrifice ceremony and Xiangrui, and Xiangrui had a close connection with the formation of the ritual of Feng Zen. The process of development and perfection has had a profound impact. Fourthly, because of the special function and nature of Xiangrui disaster in the political operation of feudal dynasties, the dynasties attached great importance to it and set up special institutions and personnel to manage it. In the central government too often the official too history is the Xiangrui disaster affairs authority, also has many related organizations to cooperate the management affairs coordinated operation, these related organizations involve the central government and the local many departments. The operation of auspicious disaster management system in Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties basically includes three levels: collecting information, explaining phenomenon and handling affairs. Its process is gradually standardized and systematized, which is Xiangrui in Sui and Tang dynasties. The institutionalization of disaster management has laid the foundation.
【学位授予单位】：北京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K234;K235

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