汉代赦免制度研究
发布时间：2018-08-27 08:50
【摘要】： 本论文以汉代赦免制度的形态及其与汉代社会的关系为研究主题；在资料运用方面力图将传世文献与出土文献相结合；在研究方法上力图采用社会史和法律史相结合的理路，同时注重运用大量个案分析增加论证力度。文章首先考察中国赦免制度的源流，描述先秦、秦汉时期赦免施行的概况及其呈现出来的动态特征。其次，文章着重从赦免制度的类型、实施程序及适用范围、效力等几个方面讨论汉代赦免制度的具体形态。第三，探讨汉代赦免理念及其反对赦免的言论。最后，考察赦免制度的社会功能，从而展示汉代赦免制度与社会现实之间的关系。全文章节安排及其各章主要内容如下： 第一章，赦免制度的源流。本章主要讨论先秦及秦朝的赦免概况，认为赦宥的理念及事例已屡见于先秦典籍中。先秦时期的赦宥都是有条件限制的，主要有灾异赦宥、疑狱赦宥及过失犯赦宥，而且赦与宥之间有程度上的差别。战国末期的秦国已屡见赦宥之事，但秦始皇时期“急法不赦”，在一定程度上加速了秦朝的崩溃。 第二章，汉代赦免概况。本章主要按照时间顺序，描述两汉诸帝的赦免情况及其呈现出来的主要特征，并力图将其与时代发展结合起来考察。综合而言，王朝建立之初和濒临崩溃的时期，颁布赦令的频率偏高。就赦免的性质而言，两汉大赦的次数相当，但东汉的减赎次数远远多于西汉。两汉大赦的颁布都集中在春夏两季，但东汉的减赎多集中在秋冬两季。 第三章，汉代赦免制度的类型。本章结合赦免的主要内容与赦免的运用背景，将汉代赦免制度分成大赦，特赦、赦免性减赎三大类型分别进行讨论，鉴于以往的研究没有涉及赏赐这一大赦制度的重要内容，本章将其单独列出来进行讨论。大赦令中的赏赐内容主要包括赐诸侯黄金，赐吏民爵位，赐女子百户牛酒，，赐鳏寡孤独、高年、笃癃、贫不能自存者粟帛，减免租赋逋贷以及诏举人才等。 第四章，汉代赦免制度实施的程序与适用范围。本章从赦免的提起、大赦诏书的撰拟、行下、颁宣、执行等方面考察汉代赦免制度实施的程序，同时考察汉代赦免制度适用的犯罪类型和刑罚类型。无论就实施程序还是适用范围而言，汉代已经建立起了一套比较严格的赦免制度体系。 第五章，汉代赦免制度的效力。本章从时间效力、空间效力以及人的效力三个方面详细考察汉代赦免制度的效力。时间效力包括赦令生效时间、赦期以及不追究赦前事等内容，空间效力有全国和特定地区之别，人的效力主要考察罪犯问题，共将罪犯分为未结正、未擒获、 未发觉、己结正等四类进行探讨，分析汉代赦免制度受益群体的分布情况，认为汉代赦免制 度的受益群体包括诸侯王及其他皇室成员、各级官吏、普通平民百姓以及境外人等广泛的社 会群体，基本上涵盖了社会各阶层的人。 第六章，汉代赦免理念及其争议。本章主要立足于汉人的观念世界考察汉代赦免实施的 意图和目的，认为汉代赦免理念主要体现了“与民更始”的思想、“理阴阳、顺时气”的思 想以及“赦小过、举贤才”的思想。与此同时，汉代出现了反对赦免的言论，认为赦免之法 姑息养奸，从而使遵纪守法的良民受到了伤害，不利于社会安定。 第七章，赦免制度与汉代社会。本章主要考察汉代赦免制度的社会功能，展示汉代赦免 制度与现实社会之间的密切关联。认为赦免制度对于汉代社会而言，是一种由最高统治者掌 握的灵活有效的调控机制，它使得中央政权在应对社会危机、调整统治政策、平衡政治斗争、 选拔有用人才、缓解刑律严苛等方面表现出极大的灵活性和高效性，在一定程度上保证了汉 代的长治久安。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the form of the pardon system of the Han Dynasty and its relationship with the society of the Han Dynasty as the research subject; tries to combine the handed down documents with the unearthed documents in the use of materials; tries to adopt the theory of combining the social history and the legal history in the research method, and pays attention to the use of a large number of case studies to increase the intensity of argument. The origin of the pardon system in China is described. The general situation of the implementation of the pardon system in the pre-Qin and Qin and Han Dynasties and its dynamic characteristics are described. Secondly, the specific forms of the pardon system in the Han Dynasty are discussed from the types of the pardon system, the implementation procedures, the scope of application and the effectiveness of the pardon system. Finally, the paper examines the social functions of the amnesty system to show the relationship between the amnesty system and social reality in the Han Dynasty.
The first chapter is about the origin of the pardon system. This chapter mainly discusses the general situation of the pardon system in the pre-Qin and Qin Dynasties, and holds that the concepts and examples of pardon have been common in the pre-Qin books. The state has often seen amnesty, but in the Qin Shihuang period, "the law is not amnesty," to a certain extent, accelerated the collapse of the Qin Dynasty.
Chapter two, the general situation of the Han Dynasty's pardon. This chapter mainly describes the situation of the emperors'pardon in Han Dynasty and its main features in chronological order, and tries to combine it with the development of the times. The number of redemptions in the Eastern Han Dynasty was much higher than that in the Western Han Dynasty. The promulgation of amnesty in the Eastern Han Dynasty was concentrated in spring and summer, but the redemption in the Eastern Han Dynasty was mainly concentrated in autumn and winter.
Chapter three, the types of amnesty system in Han Dynasty. Combining the main content of amnesty and the background of its application, this chapter divides the system into three types: amnesty, amnesty and Amnesty redemption. The rewards in the amnesty mainly include the granting of gold to the vassals, the granting of titles to officials, the granting of 100 households of cattle wine to women, the granting of loneliness to widows and widows, the old age, the old age, the old age, the poor can not save their own corn, the reduction of rent and loan, and the recommendation of talented people.
Chapter Four, the procedure and scope of application of the amnesty system in the Han Dynasty. This chapter inspects the procedure of the implementation of the amnesty system in the Han Dynasty from the aspects of the initiation of the amnesty, the compilation of the amnesty edict, the execution, the promulgation and the execution of the amnesty edict, and the types of crimes and penalties applicable to the amnesty system in the Han Dynasty. A relatively strict system of amnesty has been established.
Chapter Five, the effectiveness of the pardon system in the Han Dynasty. This chapter examines the effectiveness of the pardon system in the Han Dynasty from three aspects: time effect, space effect and human effect. The criminals were divided into uncommitted and Uncaptured offenders.
Four types of pardon system are discussed. The distribution of the beneficiary groups in the Han Dynasty is analyzed and the pardon system in the Han Dynasty is considered.
The beneficiary groups include the princes and other members of the Royal family, officials at all levels, ordinary people and a wide range of communities such as foreigners.
The meeting group basically covers people from all walks of life.
Chapter Six: The Idea of Pardon in the Han Dynasty and Its Disputes. This Chapter is mainly based on the Han people's concept of the world to investigate the implementation of pardon in the Han Dynasty.
Intention and purpose, that the Han Dynasty amnesty concept mainly reflects the "change with the people" thinking, "Li Yin and Yang, Shun Shi" thinking
Think about the idea of "forgiving minor faults and enlisting wise and talented people." Meanwhile, in the Han Dynasty, there were arguments against forgiveness, arguing that it was a law of forgiveness.
It is harmful to the stability of the society that the law-abiding citizens are harmed by keeping up with their own interests.
Chapter 7, the system of pardon and the society of Han Dynasty. This chapter mainly inspects the social function of the system of pardon in Han Dynasty, and shows the pardon in Han Dynasty.
There is a close connection between the system and the real society. It is believed that the pardon system was under the control of the supreme ruler in the Han Dynasty.
The flexible and effective regulatory mechanism enables the central government to respond to social crises, adjust its governing policies and balance political struggles.
It shows great flexibility and efficiency in selecting useful talents and alleviating the harshness of criminal law, which guarantees the Han Dynasty to a certain extent.
The long-term stability of the generation.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：K234
本文编号：2206730
[Abstract]:This paper takes the form of the pardon system of the Han Dynasty and its relationship with the society of the Han Dynasty as the research subject; tries to combine the handed down documents with the unearthed documents in the use of materials; tries to adopt the theory of combining the social history and the legal history in the research method, and pays attention to the use of a large number of case studies to increase the intensity of argument. The origin of the pardon system in China is described. The general situation of the implementation of the pardon system in the pre-Qin and Qin and Han Dynasties and its dynamic characteristics are described. Secondly, the specific forms of the pardon system in the Han Dynasty are discussed from the types of the pardon system, the implementation procedures, the scope of application and the effectiveness of the pardon system. Finally, the paper examines the social functions of the amnesty system to show the relationship between the amnesty system and social reality in the Han Dynasty.
The first chapter is about the origin of the pardon system. This chapter mainly discusses the general situation of the pardon system in the pre-Qin and Qin Dynasties, and holds that the concepts and examples of pardon have been common in the pre-Qin books. The state has often seen amnesty, but in the Qin Shihuang period, "the law is not amnesty," to a certain extent, accelerated the collapse of the Qin Dynasty.
Chapter two, the general situation of the Han Dynasty's pardon. This chapter mainly describes the situation of the emperors'pardon in Han Dynasty and its main features in chronological order, and tries to combine it with the development of the times. The number of redemptions in the Eastern Han Dynasty was much higher than that in the Western Han Dynasty. The promulgation of amnesty in the Eastern Han Dynasty was concentrated in spring and summer, but the redemption in the Eastern Han Dynasty was mainly concentrated in autumn and winter.
Chapter three, the types of amnesty system in Han Dynasty. Combining the main content of amnesty and the background of its application, this chapter divides the system into three types: amnesty, amnesty and Amnesty redemption. The rewards in the amnesty mainly include the granting of gold to the vassals, the granting of titles to officials, the granting of 100 households of cattle wine to women, the granting of loneliness to widows and widows, the old age, the old age, the old age, the poor can not save their own corn, the reduction of rent and loan, and the recommendation of talented people.
Chapter Four, the procedure and scope of application of the amnesty system in the Han Dynasty. This chapter inspects the procedure of the implementation of the amnesty system in the Han Dynasty from the aspects of the initiation of the amnesty, the compilation of the amnesty edict, the execution, the promulgation and the execution of the amnesty edict, and the types of crimes and penalties applicable to the amnesty system in the Han Dynasty. A relatively strict system of amnesty has been established.
Chapter Five, the effectiveness of the pardon system in the Han Dynasty. This chapter examines the effectiveness of the pardon system in the Han Dynasty from three aspects: time effect, space effect and human effect. The criminals were divided into uncommitted and Uncaptured offenders.
Four types of pardon system are discussed. The distribution of the beneficiary groups in the Han Dynasty is analyzed and the pardon system in the Han Dynasty is considered.
The beneficiary groups include the princes and other members of the Royal family, officials at all levels, ordinary people and a wide range of communities such as foreigners.
The meeting group basically covers people from all walks of life.
Chapter Six: The Idea of Pardon in the Han Dynasty and Its Disputes. This Chapter is mainly based on the Han people's concept of the world to investigate the implementation of pardon in the Han Dynasty.
Intention and purpose, that the Han Dynasty amnesty concept mainly reflects the "change with the people" thinking, "Li Yin and Yang, Shun Shi" thinking
Think about the idea of "forgiving minor faults and enlisting wise and talented people." Meanwhile, in the Han Dynasty, there were arguments against forgiveness, arguing that it was a law of forgiveness.
It is harmful to the stability of the society that the law-abiding citizens are harmed by keeping up with their own interests.
Chapter 7, the system of pardon and the society of Han Dynasty. This chapter mainly inspects the social function of the system of pardon in Han Dynasty, and shows the pardon in Han Dynasty.
There is a close connection between the system and the real society. It is believed that the pardon system was under the control of the supreme ruler in the Han Dynasty.
The flexible and effective regulatory mechanism enables the central government to respond to social crises, adjust its governing policies and balance political struggles.
It shows great flexibility and efficiency in selecting useful talents and alleviating the harshness of criminal law, which guarantees the Han Dynasty to a certain extent.
The long-term stability of the generation.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：K234
【引证文献】
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