西汉将军制度述略
发布时间：2018-10-05 06:47
【摘要】："将军"官号产生于先秦,秦汉之际出现了若干有级别差异的将军名号(将军号),但尚未形成将军等级制度。"将军"属于西汉官僚集团的有机构成部分,是掌握重兵承担京师保卫或出外指挥征战的最高级别武官的统称。西汉一朝并无固定常设的将军,以大将军、骠骑将军、车骑将军、卫将军及左、右、前、后将军等位高权重且较为常见,钱大昕将西汉将军分为"出征暂置"及"京师掌兵"两类,当代学者亦踵其说。西汉一代共设置过四十余个将军名号,其命名方式包括:1.以其所统兵种命名;2.以其承担的任务命名;3.以征伐目的地命名;4.以褒扬、称赞之词命名。后世新设将军名号多以最后一种方式生成。取代太尉之职的大司马为西汉最高武官,汉武帝以大司马冠将军,进一步提高其尊崇地位。大司马所冠将军包括大将军、骠骑将军、卫将军、车骑将军,以大司马冠车骑将军较为普遍。将军在西汉中朝官中所占比例甚重,尤以大司马大将军(或大司马车骑将军、大司马骠骑将军)领尚书事权位最重,昭宣以降权臣多任其职,掌握朝廷最高军政权力,成为实际上的最高决策者。西汉将军制度的确立和发展,与时局特别是战争形势关系密切。西汉末年及新莽时期的政局动荡和严峻的边防形势,促使新的将军名号大量出现。
[Abstract]:The official name "General" came into being in the Pre-Qin Dynasty. During the Qin and Han dynasties, there appeared a number of different rank names of generals (General number), but the general rank system had not yet been formed. " General "is an organic component of the Western Han bureaucrat group, which is the general name of the highest level of military attache who is responsible for the defense of the capital division or the command of the war." Once in the Western Han Dynasty, there were no permanent generals. Generals, such as generals, hussars, cyclists, general Wei, left, right, front and rear generals, were high and common. Qian Daxin divided the Western Han generals into two categories: "temporary deployment" and "Beijing division in charge of soldiers", which contemporary scholars also said. The Western Han Dynasty has set up more than 40 general names, its name includes: 1. Name it for its command of arms. Name it for the task it undertakes. The name of the destination is 4. Name a word of praise or praise. The names of the new generals of later generations were generated in the last way. Dashima, who took the place of Tai Wei, was the highest military attache in the Western Han Dynasty, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty further improved his veneration status with General Da Si Ma Guan. Dashima general including general, hussars, general Wei, general riding cars, with the horse more common riding general. The general occupied a very heavy proportion among the officials of the Western Han and Central dynasties, especially General Dasma (or the general on the chariot and the hussars of the Great Sima), who held the most important position in the matter of Shang Shu, and declared that he had assumed many positions of power and assumed the highest military and political power in the court. Become the highest decision maker in practice. The establishment and development of the general system in the Western Han Dynasty were closely related to the current situation, especially the war situation. During the late Western Han Dynasty and the New Mang period, the political instability and the severe border defense situation promoted the emergence of new generals.
【作者单位】： 首都师范大学历史学院;
【分类号】：K234.1
本文编号：2252416
[Abstract]:The official name "General" came into being in the Pre-Qin Dynasty. During the Qin and Han dynasties, there appeared a number of different rank names of generals (General number), but the general rank system had not yet been formed. " General "is an organic component of the Western Han bureaucrat group, which is the general name of the highest level of military attache who is responsible for the defense of the capital division or the command of the war." Once in the Western Han Dynasty, there were no permanent generals. Generals, such as generals, hussars, cyclists, general Wei, left, right, front and rear generals, were high and common. Qian Daxin divided the Western Han generals into two categories: "temporary deployment" and "Beijing division in charge of soldiers", which contemporary scholars also said. The Western Han Dynasty has set up more than 40 general names, its name includes: 1. Name it for its command of arms. Name it for the task it undertakes. The name of the destination is 4. Name a word of praise or praise. The names of the new generals of later generations were generated in the last way. Dashima, who took the place of Tai Wei, was the highest military attache in the Western Han Dynasty, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty further improved his veneration status with General Da Si Ma Guan. Dashima general including general, hussars, general Wei, general riding cars, with the horse more common riding general. The general occupied a very heavy proportion among the officials of the Western Han and Central dynasties, especially General Dasma (or the general on the chariot and the hussars of the Great Sima), who held the most important position in the matter of Shang Shu, and declared that he had assumed many positions of power and assumed the highest military and political power in the court. Become the highest decision maker in practice. The establishment and development of the general system in the Western Han Dynasty were closely related to the current situation, especially the war situation. During the late Western Han Dynasty and the New Mang period, the political instability and the severe border defense situation promoted the emergence of new generals.
【作者单位】： 首都师范大学历史学院;
【分类号】：K234.1
【相似文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 袁刚;秦汉政府宫官系统和汉武帝任用中朝官[J];南都学坛;2003年05期
2 徐杰令;;两汉侍中考[J];中华文化论坛;2006年01期
3 孙键;;西汉侍中述论[J];哈尔滨学院学报;2006年03期
4 延慧;;西汉加官述略[J];今日南国(理论创新版);2009年10期
5 赵沛;汉武皇权向政府权力的渗透[J];河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版);2001年06期
6 韩养民;汉武帝时期的中外朝[J];西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版);1978年02期
7 姚澄宇;唐三省制度述论——兼论唐太宗的政治革新[J];南京师大学报(社会科学版);1982年03期
8 王宝宁;;简析汉武帝朝频换丞相之原因[J];甘肃农业;2006年02期
9 武普照;秦汉守官制度考述[J];山东师范大学学报(人文社会科学版);1988年04期
10 张仁玺;宋代集议制度考略[J];山东师大学报(社会科学版);1998年02期
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 刚绍辉;两汉京兆尹研究[D];陕西师范大学;2012年
，本文编号：2252416
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/zggdslw/2252416.html
